Tema: Vesteuropa

Vesteuropa

Analysis: Springtime in Europe
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 3
Note: ‘There is a strong sense in Europe that, because of weak governments and divided publics, the continent’s three big countries are unable to make the economic changes that most political leaders agree are essential to restoring growth.’ So said the New York Times in the week that a humiliated French government withdrew its CPE attack on young workers’ rights and Berlusconi was finally forced to concede defeat in Italy’s election.
 

Kevin Ovenden: Polarisation in Europe: Right turn or revolt?
Socialist Review nr. 264, jun 02 – side 10
Note: The crisis in Europe has allowed the far right a hearing explains Kevin Ovenden, but it's also led to a resurgence of the left
 

Alex Callinicos: Reformisme og klassepolarisering i Europa
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 5, feb 00 
Note: Europa vinteren 1999/2000 viser flere sider til resten av verden. På toppen er det offisielle Europa, nasjonale myndigheter og EU, opptatt med sine sedvanlige krangler og skandaler – fra den fransk-britiske "biffkrigen" til korrupsjonsbeskyldningene mot den franske finansministeren Dominique Strauss-Kahn – pakket inn i svulstig retorikk om europeisk samling. I resten av samfunnet er bildet veldig annerledes. Massiv misnøye med elitens offisielle Europa er i ferd med å øke, men antar motsetningsfylte former.
 

Alex Callinicos: Reformism and class polarisation in Europe
International Socialism Journal nr. 85, dec 99 – side 3
Note: Labour landslides in Britain, France and Germany have already given way to a profound crisis for the victorious parties. Most dramatically, the Schröder government in Germany has gone from electoral triumph to electoral disaster within a year, losing heartlands in western Germany and being overtaken by the reformed Stalinist PDS in eastern Germany. Alex Callinicos charts the class struggles underpinning these political reverses.
 

Alex Callinicos: Crisis and class struggle in Europe today
International Socialism Journal nr. 63, jun 94 – side 3
Note: The rise of the neo-Nazis in Europe is only one side of the crisis which is gripping the continent. General Strikes in France and Italy, metal workers' strikes in Germany and the Air France strike all show a revival in working class struggle. But in which direction will events now unfold-towards greater workers' resistance or deeper reaction?
Alex Callinicos analyses the European crisis in its political, economic and social aspects. He goes on to map out the steps necessary for a revival of the struggle for socialism.
 

Donny Gluckstein: The Workers' Council Movement in Western Europe
International Socialism Journal nr. 18, dec 82 – side 3
Note: The Labour Party has been in government seven times, and seven times it has not only failed to bring socialism but created the same feeling of betrayal. Yet the parliamentary road is still trodden by a large, if increasingly demoralised, army of the left. Despite a rotten past, reformist politics survive because the mass of workers see their choices restricted to the parliamentary system or the Stalinist monolith of eastern Europe.
Yet there is a clear alternative which despite everything refuses to be buried. This is the tradition of workers’ revolutionary self-organisation – of Soviets, or workers’ councils.
 

Grønland

Anders Bæk Simonsen: EU: “Vi er involveret i en krig med kineserne om de dyrebare mineraler”: Vesten vil presse Kina væk fra Grønlands undergrund
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 326, jan 13 – side 5
Note: Der foregår en imperialistisk rivalisering mellem verdens store magter om de sjældne jordarter og mineraler på hele kloden. I den sammenhæng er Grønlands undergrund blevet brandaktuel.
 

Peter Iversen: Ny hån mod Thulefangere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 222, dec 03 – side 4
Note: For 50 år siden i 1953 blev 132 grønlandske fangere fordrevet med 4 dages varsel fra deres hjem i Uummannaq, Thule. De blev tvangsflyttet 140 km i nordpå, hvor de så måtte starte helt forfra i et område, hvor jagt- og fangstbetingel-serne var langt dårligere.
 

Poul Erik Kristensen: Thulebasen: Vi får regningen for USA’s miljøsvineri
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 218, sep 03 – side 4
Note: Fiskene ved den amerikanske Thulebase er fyldt med PBC, der er bly i søpindsvinene og kviksølv og arsen i havbunden. Desuden skifter sneglene køn under indflydelse af giftige stoffer.
 

Overenskomst: 2-0 til grønlandske arbejdere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 218, sep 03 – side 11
Note: For anden gang inden for fjorten dage kunne grønlandske arbejdere trække sig sejrrigt ud af en overenskomststrejke.
 

Ida H. Jakobsen: Storkonflikt i Grønland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 217, aug 03 – side 11
Note: Ved redaktionens afslutning ser det ud til, at der på det private arbejdsmarked på Grønland kommer i storkonflikt fra d. 12. august. Både fagforeningen SIK og arbejdsgiverne har varslet konflikt.
 

Poul Erik Kristensen: Grønland: Udnyttes af Danmark og USA
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 215, jun 03 – side 2
Note: Forsvarsaftalen fra 1951, forflyttelse af Thule-fangerne, hemmeligholdelse om uranbestråling efter flyulykke, forurening og missilskjold. Selvom hele spillet om Thule er ved at udvikle sig til en speget sag, ringer alarmklokkerne altid hos grønlænderne, når ameri-kanerne er indblandet i et eller andet på Grønland.
 

Vejrguderne ønsker ikke missilforsvaret
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 215, jun 03 – side 2
Note: Der var således snestorm, da den lille fangerbygd Itilleq i midten af maj lagde kulisse til, da udenrigsminister Per Stig Møller (K) og Grønlands landsstyre-formand, Hans Enoksen, (Siumut), underskrev en ny, fælles dansk-grønlandsk principaftale.
 

Jakob Nerup: imperialisme.dk: Grønland – det danske imperium
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 213, apr 03 – side 2
Note: Dansk imperialisme er kodeordet, når det gælder regeringen holdning til Thulebasen
 

Mike Davis: Bush's Ultimate Thule?
Socialist Review nr. 271, feb 03 – side 16
Note: US imperialism has received a cold reception in Greenland.
 

Margit Johansen: Amerikansk missilforsvar: Næste skridt på vejen til verdensdominans
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 210, dec 02 – side 7
Note: Missilskjoldprojektet er et afgørende element i præsident Bush’s magtpolitik, der skal sikre at USA bliver den globale enehersker.
 

Socialistisk Arbejderavis mener: Stop USA’s vanvittige krigsprojekt
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 191, mar 01 – side 3
Note: En opgradering af Thulebasen er en vigtig brik i det nye amerikanske missilforsvarssystem. Systemet bygger på, at højteknologiske radarer opsporer fjendtlige missiler på vej mod USA og via satellitter gives der besked til militære anlæg i USA, hvorfra der sendes missiler, som skal ramme og tilintetgøre de fjendtlige missiler.
 

Margit Johansen: Dansk imperialisme i Grønland: Stop våbenkapløbet: USA ud af Thule
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 189, jan 01 – side 12
Note: USA’s nye missil-skjold vil føre til et nyt våbenkapløb. Thulebasens radar-system er en vigtig brik heri, men Nyrup har ikke tænkt sig at protestere. Hensynet til NATO står over grønlændernes frygt og ret til selv at bestemme.
 

Grønlænderne er trætte af Nyrups koloniherre-manerer
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 184, aug 00 – side 2
Note: Det er ikke kun færingerne, som skubber til Poul Nyrups og mange andres billede af Danmark, som den gode koloniherre i moderne tid.
 

Margit Johansen: Thulebasen: En beskidt historie om dansk imperialisme
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 175, sep 99 – side 6
Note: Thi kendes for ret. Danmark har som kolonimagt været lige så undertrykkende som andre kolonimagter.
 

Margit Johansen: Grønland – 20 år med hjemmestyre ... og statskapitalisme
Socialistisk Revy nr. 16, jul 99 – side 16
Note: 1 maj var det 20 år siden Grønland fik Hjemmestyre. Diskussionen om forholdet mellem Danmark og Grønland er stadig aktuel, det viste landsstyrevalget i februar. Uafhængighed kræver en økonomi, som kan bære det, derfor er diskussioner om den statskapitalistiske økonomiske struktur på Grønland også central.
 

Margit Johansen: Grønland: Danmark som kolonimagt
Socialistisk Revy nr. 3, apr 98 – side 20
Note: Det officielle billede af Danmarks kolonitid er præget af mange vrangforestillinger. Margit Johansen fortæller her, hvad 300 års dansk overherredømme har betydet for den grønlandske befolkning
 

Ågot Berger: Morten Grønlykke: "Lysets hjerte": Storbyernes Grønland
Socialistisk Revy nr. 2, mar 98 – side 27
Note: Når det nærmeste, man plejer at komme på livet i Grønland i det danske mediebillede, er 'kongehusets møde med det grønlandske folk,' så er det en anderledes stor oplevelse at se den første grønlandske spillefilm, Lysets hjerte.
 

Besat af danske imperialister
Socialistisk Revy nr. 1, feb 98 – side 3
Note: Mens politikere, regeringen og Den Danske Bank skændes om at fordele ansvaret i Færøbank-sagen, er der ingen, der stiller det indlysende spørgsmål: Hvorfor er Færøerne – i Nordatlanten, 2000 km fra København – overhovedet et problem for den danske regering?
 

Thulesagen: Den danske imperialisme viser sit sande ansigt
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 168, okt 97 – side 2
Note: For at give plads til, at USA kunne udvide militærbasen ved Thule i Grønland, blev de eskimoiske indbyggere tvangsforflyttet 140 kilometer nordpå til Qaanaaq.
 

Charlie Lywood: Grønland: 200 års kolonistyre: Arven fra dansk imperialisme
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 154, mar 97 – side 5
Note: Danmark har ikke altid været et lille fredeligt land, som politikerne ellers ynder at beskrive det. Danmark har historisk været et yderst aggressivt og krigerisk land, der ivrigt deltog i udbytningen af kolonierne.
 

Charlie Lywood: Kommentar: Imperialisme og løgn følges ad
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 151, jan 97 – side 2
Note: Der er en rød tråd, som går igen i de borgerlige og socialdemokratiske forsvar for løgnene om atomvåben på Grønland og i danske farvande.
 

A-våben i Grønland: Et spind af løgne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 130, mar 96 – side 4
Note: Løgn på løgn er blevet afsløret i Thule-sagen. Politikerne lyver efter forgodtbefindende og kan ikke afsløres – arkiverne er lukkede.
 

Thule 1968: 27 års løgne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 112, feb 95 – side 2
Note: Da et amerikansk B52 bombefly styrtede ned ved Thule i 1968, startede historien om 27 års løgne.
 

Jakob Nerup: De rød-hvide imperialister
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 96, okt 93 – side 8
Note: Få – i hvert fald blandt danskerne selv – opfatter Danmark som et imperialistisk land på linie med stormagterne. Som regel forbindes imperialisme med stormagternes undertrykkelse af små og fjerntliggende nationer.

Officielt rejser udenrigsminister Niels Helveg verden rundt som repræsentant for et fredeligt og humant indstillet land. Men sandheden er faktisk, at Danmark både historisk og i dag optræder som imperialist.
 

Pia Larsen: På kanten: Regeringen på glatis i Thule
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 27, feb 87 – side 4
Note: Danmarks udenrigsminister, Uffe Elleman Jensen, er blevet taget med bukserne nede i sagen om amerikansk udbygning af en radarstation i Thule på Grønland.
 

Island

Sarah Ensor: Iceland’s Tories are back
Socialist Review nr. 381, jun 13 – side 14
Note: Sarah Ensor unpicks the myth that Iceland has taken an alternative route to austerity.
 

Jonathan Højgaard: Det islandske Nej var et nej til at betale for bankernes spekulationer
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 296, mar 10 – side 6
Note: Den 6. marts afviste islændingene en tilbagebetalingsaftale på et lån, de ikke havde taget. Med overvældende 93% siger de klart nej til at betale en de 28 milliarder + renter tilbage, som den britiske og hollandske regering kræver. Beløbet udgør halvdelen af Islands samlede BNP.
 

Icelanders vote against compensation
Socialist Worker nr. 2192, mar 10 – side 3
Note: Voters in Iceland have overwhelmingly rejected the terms of a deal to compensate British and Dutch banking customers for their losses after the bank Icesave collapsed in 2008.
 

Jakob Nerup: Folkeafstemning på Island: Venstrefløjen mod folket
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 294, jan 10 – side 12
Note: Den islandske regering er tvunget til at respektere demokratiet. Præsidenten har nedlagt veto mod regeringen og udskrevet folkeafstemning d. 20 februar. Årsagen er enkel. Hver fjerde islænding har skrevet under på et krav om, at der holdes en folkeafstemning om regeringens betaling af 28 milliarder kroner til engelske og hollandske spekulanter.
 

Sarah Ensor + Panos Garganas + Simon Basketter + Sadie Robinson: Europe – the gathering economic storm
Socialist Worker nr. 2183, jan 10 – side 8
Note: We look at snapshots of Ireland, Greece, Iceland and Spain – as governments rush to slash welfare spending, attack workers’ rights and increase taxes for ordinary people.
 

Christophe Chataigné: Iceland and the saucepan revolution
Socialist Review nr. 334, mar 09 – side 6
Note: "We managed to topple the government using the best of non-violent protests, civil disobedience and political satire," – 24 year old receptionist Guðjón Heiðar Valgarðsson encapsulates what many of the protesters felt when on 26 January the then prime minister, Geir Hilmar Haarde, announced the resignation of his government.
 

Chris Bambery: Protester vælter Islands regering
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 286, feb 09 – side 9
Note: Regeringen i Island blev den første, der i januar mistede sine taburetter i denne lavkonjunktur som følge af folkelige protester.
Ugevis af protester tvang statsminister Geir Haarde og hans regering til at træde tilbage.
 

Chris Bambery: Protests bring down Iceland’s government
Socialist Worker nr. 2136, jan 09 – side 16
Note: The government of Iceland became the first to be driven out of office in this recession by a wave of popular protest this week.
 

Sarah Ensor: Iceland's bosses in hot water
Socialist Review nr. 330, nov 08 – side 22
Note: As the collapse of Iceland's economy threatens workers' living standards there, Sarah Ensor reveals how the Icelandic working class met the depression of the 1930s with militant resistance.
 

Færøerne

Jógvan Olsen: Strejke på Færøerne: Sammenhold gav 9% lønstigning
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 11
Note: I fire uger har Færøerne været lammet af strejke. Mod slutningen var der snart sagt ingen varer tilbage i butikkerne.
 

Margit Johansen: Færøerne: Nyrup er koloniherre
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 183, jun 00 – side 5
Note: Lige nu er det færingerne, der endnu en gang bliver udsat for Nyrups koloniherre ‘det er mig, der bestemmer’-attitude.
 

Strejkespalten: Lærerstrejke på Færøerne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 182, maj 00 – side 14
Note: Siden 8. marts har de overenskomst ansatte folkeskolelærere på Færøerne været i strejke. I forrige uge blev der indledt forhandlinger.
 

Jógvan Olsen: Færøerne vil selv
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 2
Note: Endelig går de forhandlinger i gang med den danske regering, som skal munde ud i en traktat om det fremtidige forhold mellem Danmark og Færøerne.
 

Strejker og solidaritet gav færinger sejr
Socialistisk Revy nr. 14, maj 99 – side 2
Note: Det største fagforbund på Færøerne, Funktionærforbundet, har været ude i en 23 dage lang overenskomststrejke.
 

Besat af danske imperialister
Socialistisk Revy nr. 1, feb 98 – side 3
Note: Mens politikere, regeringen og Den Danske Bank skændes om at fordele ansvaret i Færøbank-sagen, er der ingen, der stiller det indlysende spørgsmål: Hvorfor er Færøerne – i Nordatlanten, 2000 km fra København – overhovedet et problem for den danske regering?
 

Jakob Nerup: Færøsagen – røveri ved højlys dag
Socialistisk Revy nr. 1, feb 98 – side 6
Note: Den Danske Banks grådighed og færøske kapitalisters overforbrug bliver betalt af de færøske arbejdere. Jakob Nerup skriver om, hvordan dansk imperialisme er den egentlige baggrund for den færøske bankskandale.
 

Færøerne: Storstrejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 114, apr 95 – side 14
Note: 2.500 offentligt ansatte på Færøerne er gået i strejke, fordi de ikke vil finde sig i at betale for den økonomiske krise, samtidig med at Den Danske Bank har fået lov til at tørre et milliardunderskud af på den færøske befolkning.
 

IS mener: Dansk imperialisme på Færøerne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 113, mar 95 – side 3
Note: Befolkningen på Færøerne har rigtigt fået den danske imperialisme at føle.
 

Bank til Færøerne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 112, feb 95 – side 2
Note: Den Danske Bank er ikke en populær bank på Færøerne. Til gengæld må Poul Nyrup Rasmussen være en populær mand i Den Danske Bank.
 

Irland
Se også: Krise og modstand - Irland

Apple’s skat: Hvordan virksomheder samarbejdede med den irske stat
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 353, aug 16 
Note: Den irske regering nægter at tage imod skat fra et kæmpe-selskab, samtidig med at den gennemfører brutale nedskæringer.
 

Shaun Doherty: “All changed, changed utterly”: The historical significance of the Irish Revolution
International Socialism Journal nr. 150, apr 16 – side 83
Note: The problem with political anniversaries is that they often focus on specific dates in the past without any recognition that they are part of a longer process. Easter Monday 1916 is an iconic date in Irish history that all and sundry seek to appropriate, but it can only be understood by what preceded and followed it. This may seem like stating the obvious to readers of a Marxist journal, but in the light of all the false narratives that have been peddled since, it is an important starting point for a credible evaluation of its historical significance.
 

Simon Basketter: Irsk valg: Et spark til nedskæringspolitikken
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 351, mar 16 – side 2
Note: De tre store partier fik et spark ved Irlands parlamentsvalg i februar. Stemmefordelingen afspejlede fortsat modstand mod nedskæringer.
 

Maeve McGrath: Ireland – the best small country in the world to exploit workers?
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 13, jun 15 – side 61
Note: Enda Kenny’s mantra may have been ‘the best small country in the world in which to do business’ but how does it look from a workers perspective?
 

Ruairi Gallagher: Irish Partisans: Rapparees of the Williamite Wars, 1689-1691
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 13, jun 15 – side 75
Note: This article will analyse the Irish partisans that were active throughout the Williamite Wars in Ireland: the Rapparees. They differed somewhat from their Tory social-bandit predecessors, insofar as Rappareeism was more politicised and was recognised as a political force under the articles of the Treaty of Limerick signed in 1691.
 

Paul O’Brien: Primitive Communism and The Blasket Islands
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 12, mar 15 – side 32
Note: In the fifty volumes of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels there is very little speculation as to what a future socialist society might look like. The reason for this as Engels makes clear in The Origins of the Family Private Property and the State is that we cannot know how people freed from class oppression will choose to live their lives.
 

John Molyneux: Editorial (Irish Marxist Review 2014 Vol 3 Number 11): The Great People’s Revolt
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 11, dec 14 – side 1
Note: The radicalisation of the Irish working class is developing apace. As we have argued in previous editorials it was already evident in the 2011 General Election which saw the decimation of Fianna Fail and the beginnings of inroads for the United Left Alliance.
 

Kieran Allen: The Politics of Sinn Fein: Rhetoric and Reality
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 11, dec 14 – side 4
Note: A recent opinion poll indicated that Sinn Fein is now neck and neck with Fine Gael to be the majority party in the South. In Dublin, it is already the largest party, commanding 26 percent of the vote. This transformation is remarkable. In the early nineties, Sinn Fein was almost a pariah party in the South. Its members were visited regularly by the Special Branch, their voices were banned from RTE and its activists were vilified by the wider media.
 

Ailbhe Smyth: Interview: The Struggle for LGBT rights in Ireland
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 11, dec 14 – side 28
Note: On the question of LGBT rights IMR interviews Ailbhe Smyth who has long been at the heart of this struggle and who offers us her reflections on how it has developed in Ireland.
 

Paul O’Brien: John Redmond: A Footnote in History
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 11, dec 14 – side 53
Note: Dermot Meleady in his biography of John Redmond concludes that ‘rarely is the life’s work of a public person so comprehensively erased by history.’ Redmond is the forgotten man of Irish history, a footnote to the events that led to Independence in 1922. And this may have remained the case except for the small matter of the upcoming hundredth anniversary of the 1916 Rising. Given the rise in support for Sinn Fein, how does a rightwing conservative government celebrate the violent revolutionary upheavals that led to the founding of the state, without handing a propaganda coup to Sinn Fein?
 

Dave O’Farrell: Privatisation: theory and practice
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 10, jun 14 – side 52
Note: Privatisation has been one of the most obvious and controversial aspects of the global trend to neoliberal economics over the past forty years. Across the globe, neoliberal governments and regimes have pursued privatisation policies ranging from the wholesale sell-off of nationalised industries and public services to more ‘subtle’ policies of marketisation or ‘outsourcing’, where state controlled entities and service provision are ‘opened to competition’.
 

Michael Taft: Review: Kieran Allen with Brian O'Boyle, Austerity Ireland: the Failure of Irish Capitalism
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 8, dec 13 – side 72
Note: As one would expect, Kieran Allen and Brian OBoyle provide an unrelenting analysis of the austerity programme in Ireland, setting themselves the task of describing causes and forces, promoting a new programme and identifying the political agents to promote that programme.
 

Liam Cummins: Review: Paul O'Brien, The 1913 Lockout & John Newsinger, Jim Larkin & the Great Dublin Lockout of 1913
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 7, sep 13 – side 76
Note: The 1913 Dublin Lockout is the most signicant industrial struggle in Irish labour history. The defeat of the workers, after almost eight months of heroism, was a dening event, with continuing effect to the present.
 

Kieran Allen: Whatever Happened to the United Left Alliance?
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 6, jun 13 – side 17
Note: The United Left Alliance is in a comatose state from which recovery, at the moment, appears unlikely. Its steering committee has not met since December and some of its participants have left. At a time when thousands of people are looking for an alternative to the political establishment, the radical left has proved unable to forge a viable, broad organisation that could win their allegiance.
 

Seán Moraghan: The Revolts of the Rural Working Class before The Famine
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 6, jun 13 – side 63
Note: Irish labour history extends backwards in time well beyond the totemic events and figures of 1913. The Irish working class, historically, was firstly a rural rather than an urban group, and it had a history of militancy that lasted for almost a hundred years before the Famine (1845-49).
 

Paul O’Brien: 1913 The Great Lockout: A Survey
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 5, mar 13 – side 5
Note: The 1913 lockout was a pivotal moment in Irish history. This essay will present a survey of the literature published to date on the lockout. These publications together provide us with an important archive documenting and analysing the social and political context of 1913, while at the same time examining the key strategic positions and events leading up to and surrounding the lockout. They also provide us with a valuable insight into the political men that were Jim Larkin and James Connolly.
 

Conor Kostick: James Connolly in The Bureau of Military History
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 5, mar 13 – side 15
Note: The Bureau of Military History was established by the Irish government in 1947 with the remit of interviewing activists from the period 1913 to 1921. The Bureau approached people through the original IRA brigade structures, from there word of mouth led them to members at all levels of the Volunteer movement. The result is an archive collection with over 1,700 contributions, including witness statements from rank and file members whose testimony is otherwise lost to history. First released in 2003, in 2012 this archive was put online at www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie
 

Connor Kelly: Irish Poetry – The Changing of the Guard
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 5, mar 13 – side 72
Note: The cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slap
Of soggy peat, the curt cuts of an edge
Through living roots awaken in my head.
But I’ve no spade to follow men like them.
I had to learn this poem at school. These lines are from Digging by Seamus Heaney.
 

Sinead Kennedy: Ireland: 30,000 women used as slave labour for their ‘sins’
Socialist Worker nr. 2340, feb 13 – side 15
Note: Sinead Kennedy looks at the background to a new report into the horrific treatment of women in Ireland’s Magdalene Laundries.
 

Tina MacVeigh: Can a Meritocratic Education System Deliver Equality?
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 4, dec 12 – side 27
Note: In Ireland, it is more difficult for the child of an unskilled manual labourer to reach university than it is in other European countries despite the existence of free primary school education which is, in theory, available to all.
 

Sara O’Rourke: Racism in Ireland: From Boom to Bust
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 4, dec 12 – side 53
Note: We are, undoubtedly, living in turbulent times. The battles being fought are not just hand and fist, gun and mortar but are also being fought in the realm of possibility as new orders and ideas take shape in and out of the battles on the streets. There is a new enthusiasm for ideas to explain the crisis we have found ourselves in and more importantly there is an appetite for ideas that offer an alternative, a way out. These ideological shifts are happening side by side with and emerging from struggle.
 

Pat O’Sullivan: William Thompson: The First Irish Socialist
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 4, dec 12 – side 74
Note: This article is a celebration of the extra ordinary life and ideas of the Cork man William Thompson.
 

Paul O’Brien: Sean O’Casey: A Politician who couldn’t help being a Writer
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 3, sep 12 – side 73
Note: Sean O’Casey was born in Dublin in 1880 in an area that had seen better days. He was a man of immense contradictions, who refused to conform to the image created for him by the literary and political elites. In later life, he experienced rejection, exile, censorship, and a determination not to surrender any part of his literary soul to the small-minded bigots who patrolled the corridors of Irish life. We get a sense of a writer who rose above the naysayers and discredited critics who tried to pull him down and who managed to create a literature of lasting value.
 

Peadar O’Grady: Review: Elaine Byrne, Political Corruption in Ireland 1922-2010: A Crooked Harp?
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 3, sep 12 – side 84
Note: Review: Elaine Byrne , Political Corruption in Ireland 1922-2010: A Crooked Harp?, Manchester University Press, 2012.
This book’s release coincided with the publication of the final report of the Mahon tribunal which ran for 15 years.
 

Peadar O’Grady: Economic Crisis: Austerity and Privatisation in Healthcare in Ireland
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 2, jun 12 – side 13
Note: Although the financial sector of an economy may be principally responsible for risk-taking related to the present economic crisis, the true costs of this risk-taking behaviour are to society as a Whole.
Alt. url: PDF
 

Marnie Holborow: Austerity, Capitalism and the Restructuring of Irish Higher Education
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 2, jun 12 – side 24
Note: There is a deep contradiction at the heart of the way governments are dealing with the crisis. By converting bank debt into sovereign debt, they are injecting huge amounts of state money into a system that they stridently claim runs best as a freewheeling market.
Alt. url: PDF
 

Donal Mac Fhearraigh: James Connolly and the Irish Labour Party
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 2, jun 12 – side 37
Note: 100 years of celebration?
2012 marks the centenary of the founding of the Irish Labour Party. Like most political parties in Ireland, Labour likes to trade on its radical heritage by drawing a link to Connolly.
Alt. url: PDF
 

John Molyneux: The Politics of the Socialist Party
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 2, jun 12 – side 92
Note: Why are there two main organisations on the Irish radical left – the Socialist Workers Party and the Socialist Party? This is a question that many ask today.
Both organisations work together in the United Left Alliance which currently has ve TDs in Dail Eireann. But while working together in a common front against the right wing parties, neither the SWP or SP hide the differences that exist between them.
 

Sean McVeigh: Sinn Fein in Government
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 1, mar 12 – side 34
Note: On 30 November 2011 when tens of thousands of workers went on strike in the North over attacks on pensions and austerity cutbacks in the public sector, the Sinn Fein deputy first minister Martin McGuinness said he supported the strike.
Alt. url: PDF
 

Simon Basketter: Bosses' party implodes as left makes gains in Irish election
Socialist Worker nr. 2241, mar 11 – side 16
Note: Voters in Ireland have given the main Irish bosses’ party a drubbing in the country’s general election. The radical left made a significant breakthrough with the United Left Alliance (ULA) winning five TDs (MPs). The biggest shift was the collapse in support for the ruling Fianna Fáil party.
 

Simon Basketter: Valg i Irland: Sammenbrud for arbejdsgivernes parti, mens venstrefløjen går frem
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 306, feb 11 
Note: Vælgerne har givet det største irske arbejdsgiverparti en afklapsning ved landets parlamentsvalg. Og den radikale venstrefløj har fået et gennembrud ved at få valgt fem parlamentsmedlemmer.
Alt. url: Oversat fra Socialist Worker (UK) 2240
 

Simon Basketter: New election in Ireland as crisis deepens
Socialist Worker nr. 2236, jan 11 – side 2
Note: Official politics in Ireland descended into chaos in the last week. The ruling Fianna Fail/Green Party coalition has collapsed and prime minister Brian Cowen is no longer leader of his own party.
 

Sarah Ensor + Panos Garganas + Simon Basketter + Sadie Robinson: Europe – the gathering economic storm
Socialist Worker nr. 2183, jan 10 – side 8
Note: We look at snapshots of Ireland, Greece, Iceland and Spain – as governments rush to slash welfare spending, attack workers’ rights and increase taxes for ordinary people.
 

Simon Basketter: Ireland: Workers’ anger at brutal cuts held back
Socialist Worker nr. 2182, dec 09 – side 4
Note: The economic crisis in Ireland has resulted in a series of vicious attacks on workers.
 

Alexander Lassithiotakis: - et nederlag for venstrefløjen: Det irske „Ja“
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 292, okt 09 – side 3
Note: Da irerne stemte om Lissabon-traktaten tilbage i 2008, gav de EU-eliten en mavepuster og stemte Nej. Men da de skulle stemme om traktaten igen den 3. oktober i år, var det storindustrien og den politiske elite, der løb af med sejren. Resultatet blev et stort ja, og et nederlag til venstrefløjen.
 

Kieran Allen: Ireland: the sick tiger
International Socialism Journal nr. 122, apr 09 – side 21
Note: Ireland, once hailed as the success story of neoliberalism, is undergoing a traumatic economic crash. In its wake a political earthquake is brewing that could shape its politics for decades to come.
 

United fight for education in Ireland
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 4
Note: Over 120,000 parents, teachers, and school and university students have joined protests against the Irish government’s cuts to education.
 

Editorial: Lisbon treaty: Irish can say no to neoliberal Europe again
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 12
Note: Next October the Irish people will be asked to vote once again on the European Union’s (EU) Lisbon Treaty. This is despite the referendum held in June this year, when 1.6 million people turned out and rejected the treaty by a margin of over 110,000 votes.
 

International protests
Socialist Worker nr. 2127, nov 08 – side 5
Note: Ireland, Greece
 

Donal Mac Fhearraigh + Chris Bambery + Leandros Bolaris + Paul Michael Garrett: A storm of protest is sweeping Europe
Socialist Worker nr. 2125, nov 08 – side 3
Note: Socialist Worker reports on how anger at the economic turmoil has filled the streets.
Suddenly Europe is aflame. There are mass demonstrations of workers on the streets, students in revolt in the colleges and schools, and pensioners are joining a movement to defend the welfare state they created.
In Italy, Greece and Ireland signs that working people are refusing to pay for the economic crisis and are fighting back are starting to show.
 

Sinead Kennedy: Irland: Nej til et nyliberalistisk Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 280, jul 08 – side 3
Note: Ved at stemme nej til Lissabon-traktaten har irske vælgere slået et afgørende slag imod forsøgene på at skabe en korporativ, militariseret EU-superstat. Traktaten er i sin essens, magen til den EU-forfatning som blev forkastet ved folkeafstemningerne i Frankrig og Holland i 2005.
 

Richard Boyd Barrett: Letter from ...: Ireland
Socialist Review nr. 327, jul 08 – side 9
Note: Ireland's rejection of the Lisbon Reform Treaty went against the wishes and deceptions of the ruling elite, writes Richard Boyd Barrett.
 

Sinead Kennedy: Irish voters reject plans for a neoliberal Europe
Socialist Worker nr. 2106, jun 08 – side 2
Note: Irish voters have dealt a decisive blow to attempts to create a corporate, militarised European Union (EU) superstate by voting to reject the Lisbon treaty.
 

Workers reject neoliberal EU treaty in Irish referendum (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2105, jun 08 
Note: The neoliberal European Lisbon Treaty has been thrown out by the Irish voters as counting continues. With 29 of 43 constituencies declared, the campaign for a no vote is leading by 53.5 percent to 46.5 percent. All but six constituencies have rejected the treaty.
 

Sinead Kennedy: Ireland and the EU's dodgy 'constitution' treaty
Socialist Worker nr. 2086, feb 08 – side 12
Note: Irish voters will cause consternation among Europe’s elite if they reject the undemocratic and neoliberal Lisbon treaty.
 

Grace Lally: Ireland’s fight: Irish independence didn’t bring radical change
Socialist Worker nr. 2007, jul 06 – side 6
Note: In the final column in our series Grace Lally looks at the divisions in the Irish movement.
 

Kieran Allen: Militant Dubliners
International Socialism Journal nr. 106, mar 05 – side 161
Note: A review of John Newsinger: "Rebel City" (Merlin Press, 2004), £14.95
 

Kieran Allen: Is southern Ireland a neo-colony? (1990)
 

Richard Boyd Barrett: Nice treaty: When Irish no's are smiling
Socialist Review nr. 254, jul 01 – side 5
 

Goretti Horgan: Changing women's lives in Ireland
International Socialism Journal nr. 91, jun 01 – side 53
Note: Irish women's lives have transformed in recent years. Goretti Horgan shows how the needs of Irish capital have coincided with shifts in patterns of emigration, marriage and childbirth, but also how collective struggle has started to break down the church's hold over women's lives. Can the new protest movement point the way forward for women's liberation?
 

Shaun Doherty: Will the real James Connolly please stand up? (James Connolly: "The Lost Writings, introduced and edited by Aindrias Ó'Cathasaigh" + "Selected Writings, introduced and edited by Peter Berresford")
International Socialism Journal nr. 80, sep 98 – side 127
Note: Shaun Doherty takes issue with a new introduction to the writings of the great Irish revolutionary James Connolly
 

Pat Riordan: Bookwatch: Ireland
International Socialism Journal nr. 66, mar 95 – side 139
Note: Irish politics are obviously at a turning point. Pat Riordan's Bookwatch provides a guide.
 

Kieran Allen: What is changing in Ireland?
International Socialism Journal nr. 64, sep 94 – side 65
Note: Irish society is at a fateful juncture, both North and South of the border. Kieran Allen looks at the break up of traditional institutions and the rise of the class struggle in the South and at the impasse which faces the British, the Unionists and the Republicans in the North. He claims that socialists are better placed than at any time in the last 25 years.
 

Kieran Allen: Rewriting Connolly (Austin Morgan: "James Connolly: A Political Biography")
Socialist Review nr. 112, sep 88 – side 26
 

Irland: Arbejdersolidaritet mod apartheid
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 13, okt 85 – side 3
Note: Den moralske fordømmelse af apartheidregimet i Sydafrika er massiv. Men der er få eksempler på kontante solidaritetsaktioner til støtte for den kamp, den sydafrikanske arbejderklasse fører. 11 arbejdere på stormagasinet Dunnes i Irland er en undtagelse.
 

John Newsinger: Jim Larkin, syndicalism and the 1913 Dublin lockout
International Socialism Journal nr. 25, sep 84 – side 3
Note: The Dublin Lockout of 1913 is without any doubt the most important industrial struggle in Irish history. It was fought to determine who should be the dominant force in Home Rule Ireland: the trade unions led by Jim Larkin or the employers.
 

Kieran Allen: Ireland: Southern workers and the national question
International Socialism Journal nr. 20, jun 83 – side 120
 

Notes of the Month: Gaining the Upper Hand in Ireland
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 101, sep 77 – side 6
Note: Contributed by members of the Socialist Workers’ Movement in Ireland.
IN THE twelve months since the emergence of the ‘Peace Movement’ in the Six Counties, British Imperialism has strengthen its grip on Ireland.
 

Chris Gray + John Palmer: Ireland and the British Left
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 36, apr 69 – side 22
Note: For some years now the defenders of British Imperialism have asserted that the ‘Irish question’ – the problem of Ireland’s relationship with Britain – was essentially solved by the 1921 Treaty, which divided Ireland into two halves and created, on the One hand, an ostensibly independent ‘Free State’ comprising twenty six counties, and, on the other, ‘Northern Ireland’ comprising the remaining six counties, an integral part of the United Kingdom possessing its own local autonomy.
 

Finland

Jakob L. Krogh: Finland 1918: Nordens glemte revolution
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 304, dec 10 – side 13
Note: Den 27. januar 1918 udråbes den finske arbejderrepublik. Det bliver indledningen til det halve år med den mest intense klassekamp i Finlands historie.
 

Finnish dockers lead shut down
Socialist Worker nr. 2192, mar 10 – side 3
Note: A dockers’ strike has paralysed large parts of Finnish industry.
 

Jan Hoby: Mere i løn – på finsk, og på dansk
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 274, nov 07 – side 8
Note: 12.000 finske sygeplejersker får 28 pct. mere i løn. Lønstigninger på op til 4.850 kr. om måneden får finske sygeplejersker til at trække opsigelser tilbage. Det giver inspiration til forårets overenskomstforhandlinger i Danmark.
 

Juhani Lohikoski + Tom Christiansen: Finland 1918: Den glemte revolution
Socialistisk Revy nr. 3, apr 98 – side 24
Note: Revolutioner er ikke forbeholdt de "varme lande". Juhani Lohikoski skriver om den finske revolution i 1918, og forklarer hvorfor den blev slået ned igen.
 

Norge

Internationale Socialister/ISU: Udtalelse efter massakren i Norge: Massakren i Norge er en advarsel som bør tages alvorligt
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 311, aug 11 – side 16
Note: Massakren mod de norske socialdemokraters ungdomsorganisation er ikke bare en ufattelig tragedie begået af en gal mand. Den ville ikke være sket, hvis ikke ”pæne” politikere i jakkesæt i årevis havde gjort racismen stueren. Den ville ikke være sket uden krigs-retorikkens ”de der ikke er med os er mod os”.
 

Mette Hermansen: Norge: Muslimer siger STOP!
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 295, feb 10 – side 11
Note: Den norske avis Dagbladet trykte i begyndelsen af februar en karikaturtegning hentet fra det norske politis sikkerhedstjenestes hjemmeside, hvor profeten Muhammed ses afbilledet som en gris. Dette har fået norske praktiserende og ikke-praktiserende muslimer til at demonstrere, både mod hånen af profeten, men også mod den generelle muslimhetz.
 

Vegard Velle: Svækket venstrefløj vandt valget i Norge
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 292, okt 09 – side 2
Note: Fortsat rød-grønt styre. Det racistiske Fremskridtspartiet gik frem. Det revolutionære parti Rødt kom ikke ind i Stortinget.
 

Vegard Velle: Stor norsk mobilisering til klimatopmødet i København
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 292, okt 09 – side 16
Note: 70-80 mennesker deltog 1. oktober i et meget vellykket „kickoff“-møde for at mobilisere til den store demonstration i København 12. december, i Norge kaldet Klimamarsjen. Mødet var indkaldt af Norges Sosiale Forum, som samler cirka 50 organisationer.
 

Asbjørn Wahl: Om alliancepolitik og erfaringer i kampen mod nyliberalismen: Den norske metode
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 266, mar 07 – side 4
Note: I vores serie om alternativer til Fogh kigger vi denne gang nærmere Norge. Ved valget i september 2005, fik Norge en socialdemokratisk regering med bred opbakning fra venstrefløjen og de folkelige bevægelser. Asbjørn Wahl, der er daglig leder af det norske velfærdsinitiativ “For velferdsstaten” skriver her om de norske erfaringer.
 

Norge: Socialt belastede med til kongebryllup
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 196, sep 01 – side 2
Note: Da Norges kronprins Haakon blev gift med sin udkårne, den enlige mor Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, havde parret har inviteret ti klienter fra den socialt hårdt belastede del af Oslo til at overvære vielsen.
 

Tim Robinson: Storstreiken, antikapitalisme og arbeiderklassen
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 6, sep 00 
 

Mette Christensen: Storkonflikt i Norge: Vrede mod chefernes grådighed
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 183, jun 00 – side 4
Note: I hele maj måned var der stor politisk aktivitet blandt arbejderne i Norge. De norske arbejdere var vrede og ville have mere i løn. Hele 64,3% stemte nej til overenskomsterne, hvilket blev et ydmygende nederlag til cheferne og LO-ledelsen.
 

Ida H. Jakobsen: Sejr over racismen i Norge
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 176, okt 99 – side 4
Note: Den 13. september var der kommunalvalg i Norge. Det racistiske Fremskridtspartiet (Frp) førte en offensiv valgkamp, hvor de bl.a. gav indvandrere skylden for den massive boligmangel i Oslo.
 

Andreas Ytterstad + Andreas Ytterstad: Antimilitarisme i norsk arbeiderbevegelses historie 1903-1924
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 4, sep 99 
 

Knut Øygard: Fagbevegelsen i Norge på 80- og 90-tallet
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 2, jun 98 
Note: Skulle man ha vurdert norsk fagbevegelse ut fra åpningen på LO-kongressen i 1997 og omtalen i avisene måtte man ha konkludert med at norsk fagbevegelse aldri har vært sterkere.
 

Kjetil Kvist: "Stopp kristentvang i skolen" – en kritikk
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 2, jun 98 
Note: Sosialister har lange tradisjoner å forsvare når det kommer til kritikk av religionen og kristendomsundervisningen – og la det være sagt; Andreas forsvarer dem godt. Men jeg føler at det er flere punkter Andreas ikke belyser godt nok.
 

Socialistisk Arbejderavis mener: Mangelfuldt alternativ
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 165, aug 97 – side 3
Note: Den massive fremgang for den yderste højrefløj i Norge må vække bekymring hos socialt tænkende mennesker. For årsagerne til racisten Carl I. Hagens fremgang findes også i Danmark.
 

Går Norge mod højre?
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 165, aug 97 – side 3
Note: Meningsmålinger giver det norske Fremskridtsparti enorm fremgang. Det skyldes i højere grad utilfredshed med Arbejderpartiet end en positiv opbakning bag det racistiske Fremskridtsparti.
 

Helge Ryggvik: Statoil, Stoltenberg og den nye norske imperialismen
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 1, sep 96 
Note: Da Nobelkomiteen bestemte seg for å gi fredsprisen til Carlos Belo og Jose Ramos Horta ble den berømmet av det norske utenriksapparatet. Det ble umiddelbart foreslått at Norge skulle tre inn som fredsmegler mellom partene. Nok en gang framsto lille Norge på verdensarenaen som et "foregangsland for fred og frihet."
 

Knut Øygard: Lundrapporten: En fortelling om hykleri, lovbrudd og løgn
Internasjonal Sosialisme 2 (norsk) nr. 1, sep 96 
Note: Lundrapporten sendte sjokkbølger gjennom Norge da den ble offentliggjort i mai 1996. Etter 50 år med løgn og fordekt virksomhet, ble sentrale deler av det norske maktapparatet avkledd. Dermed var kampen om historia i gang på nytt.
 

Norge: De stemte nej
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 110, dec 94 – side 2
Note: Så kom der igen grus i det store EU-projekt. Et flertal på 52,2% sagde nej tak til EU ved den norske afstemning. Det vil styrke den modstand, der er i mange lande mod EU.
 

Kampen mod racismen i Tyskland, Danmark og Norge: Norske racister pebet ud
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 76, dec 91 – side 5
Note: For første gang i 3 år følte de norske racister sig stærke nok til at samles i det centrale Oslo.
 

Ågot Berger: Norge: Grotid blev dyrtid
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 20, jun 86 – side 2
Note: Det norske forår blev præget af storlockout, strejke i olieindustrien og krise i økonomien på grund af de faldende oliepriser. Den konservative Willoch-regering faldt på et omfattende nedskæringsprogram.
 

Knut Øygard + Øivind Østberg: Storkonflikt i Norge slut: LO og DA gød olie på vandene
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 19, maj 86 – side 12
Note: Den største arbejdskonflikt i Norge siden 30'erne, hvor arbejdsgiverne havde lockoutet over 100.000 arbejdere, er afsluttet.
 

Sverige

Åsa Hjalmers: Sverige efter valget: Behov for anti-racisme og klassepolitik
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 341, okt 14 – side 6
Note: Mange svenskere gik i chok, da valgresultaterne kom ind. Det ekstreme højreparti, Sverigedemokraterne, mere end fordoblede deres stemmetal til tæt ved 13 pct. – endnu værre end meningsmålingerne havde varslet.
 

Alasdair Smith: Sweden: Profit-making school chain collapses
Socialist Worker nr. 2356, jun 13 – side 6
Note: A chain of “for profit” schools, responsible for 10,000 children, has collapsed in Sweden.
 

Madeleine Johansson: Sweden’s welfare state; myths and realities: a Marxist analysis of the ‘Nordic Model’
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 3, sep 12 – side 47
Note: In the midst of the global economic crisis and the age of austerity, you sometimes hear comments about how the ‘Nordic Model’ is different and Sweden is staving off a crisis that seems to be spreading fast throughout the rest of Europe.
 

Tim Northover: SD-racister mødt af larmende protester i Malmø
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 318, mar 12 – side 11
Note: Lørdag d. 10. marts 2012: Næsten 400 anti-racister samledes under forårssolen i Malmøs bymidte, for at stoppe Sverigedemokraterne (SD) i at sprede deres hadske, racistiske propaganda rettet mod store dele af Malmøs indbyggere.
 

Svensk LO siger NEJ til Finanspagten
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 318, mar 12 – side 15
Note: ”De vil have vores løn ned på niveauet i Kina... At Europas bankkapital vil tage kampen op imod USA’s bankkapital. Det rager da ikke os.”
 

Åsa Hjalmers: Rapport fra det svenske valg
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 302, okt 10 – side 10
Note: Mandag d. 20. september 2010 var en sorgens og vredens dag, da det blev klart, at det meget højredrejede parti Sverigedemokraterne (SD) blev valgt ind i parlamentet med 5,7 % af stemmerne – en fordobling ift. stemmerne i 2006. Socialdemokraterne oplevede de værste valgresultater i nær ved 100 år, og de konservative forøgede deres stemmeantal i hvad der nu er et parlament uden et flertal til nogen af blokkene.
 

Jørn Andersen: Dansk racisme og det svenske valg
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 302, okt 10 – side 16
Note: Berlingske Tidende glæder sig over, at de racistiske Sverigedemokrater er kommet i rigsdagen. I en leder skriver de: „Der har alt for længe været lagt et politisk låg på et af Sveriges mest påtrængende problemer – integrationen af indvandrerne.“
 

Sverige: Venstrefløjen afventende – nazister lurer i kulissen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 288, apr 09 – side 4
Note: Finanskrisen slår hårdt igennem i Sverige med stærkt stigende arbejdsløshed. Interview med Åsa Hjalmers fra Internationella Socialister om krisens udvikling og venstrefløjens svar
 

Åsa Hjalmers: Folkeafstemning om ØMU: Under-Sverige gav EU-eliten fingeren
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 219, okt 03 – side 6
Note: “Et sviende nederlag for den politiske og økonomiske elite.” Sådan blev valgresultatet efter ØMU-afstemningen i Sverige beskrevet på SVT i den 14. september.
 

Sverige: Strejkende slagtet af fagforeningen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 10
Note: De svenske kommunalarbejder har lige været igennem deres største strejke nogensinde. Strejken, der varede i 36 dage, blev til trods for massiv kampvilje og opbakning, dolket ryggen af de strejkendes fagforening.
 

SÄPO – det svenske PET – går i offensiven
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 198, nov 01 – side 11
Note: Det svenske syndikalistmagasin Band er indstævnet for retten den 5. december, tiltalt for “opfordring til vold”.
 

Alexander Lassithiotakis: Svensk bog om ‘Göteborgs-kravallerna’: En guldgrube af dokumentation og vidneudsagn
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 196, sep 01 – side 8
Note: Erik Wijk’s bog ‘Göteborgskravallerna’ handler, som navnet siger, om volden i Gøteborg, og bogens eneste minus er, at den er skrevet på svensk.
 

Skudt af politiet under protesterne i Göteborg: Tak for støtten
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 196, sep 01 – side 10
Note: Hilsen fra den 19-årige mand, der blev skudt af politiet under protesterne i Göteborg.
 

Hans Erik Madsen: Seattle–Prag–Göteborg – Opbyg den anti-kapitalistiske bevægelse: En anden verden er mulig
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 190, feb 01 – side 12
Note: ATTAC i Danmark er ved at tage form, og forventningerne er store. ATTAC kan blive den nye samlende græsrodsbevægelse, som for alvor kan udfordre markedsliberalismen og globaliseringen.
 

Margit Johansen: Kamp mod nazisterne nytter!
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 179, jan 00 – side 2
Note: Nynazisterne har haft rimeligt gode vilkår for at vokse i Sverige, da venstrefløjen og fagforeningerne ikke har haft strategien med at konfrontere dem hver gang, de stikker snuden frem, når de marcherer i gaderne, og når de afholder møder. Men med nazisternes seneste mord på journalister og fagligt aktive er alvoren i situationen ved at være klar.
 

Jon Dahl: Nazimord i Sverige
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 177, nov 99 – side 2
Note: Tirsdag d. 12. oktober blev den svenske fagforeningsaktivist Bjørn Söderberg dræbt af nazister foran sin lejlighed. Söderberg havde afsløret at nazisterne forsøgte at infiltrere fagbevægelsen og havde fået en nazist ekskluderet.
 

Henrik Christensen: Erfaringer fra kampen mod nynazistiske skinheads i Lund og Stockholm: Nynazister stoppet i gaden
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 77, jan 92 – side 5
Note: At frede fascister i håb om, at de forsvinder af sig selv, er det værste man kan gøre.
 

Sue Cockerill + Colin Sparks: Goodbye to the Swedish miracle
International Socialism Journal nr. 51, jun 91 – side 91
Note: The Swedish system is often hailed as the ideal model for social democracy. Yet Sweden is now in a state of crisis. Colin Sparks and Sue Cockerill explain social democracy is again attacking its traditional base of support.
 

Hans Jørgen Vad: Palme-mordet
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 51, aug 89 – side 8
Note: Folkets dom: Justitsmord + Stærke kræfter bag mordet
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Sverige: Gøgeungernes strejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 24, nov 86 – side 12
Note: Det svenske samfund var sidste måned præget af strejker indenfor den offentlige sektor. Baggrunden for strejkerne var, at den socialdemokratiske regering, som har siddet på magten siden 1982, forsøgte at gennemføre et alvorligt angreb på de offentligt ansatte.
 

Per Jensen: Fredspalme?
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 18, mar 86 – side 2
Note: Schlüter kalder mordet på Olof Palme for “århundredets største forbrydelse i Norden”. Schlüters store sorg er garanteret ægte nok, eftersom det er en fra hans eget lag, som er ramt.
 

Dorthe Nielsen: Svenske arbejdere holdes også nede: Palme gjorde hvad Anker vil gøre
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 10, jun 85 – side 5
Note: I Danmark står socialdemokratiet i den heldige situation, at det er en borgerlig regering, som står med problemerne i forhold til overenskomstforhandlingerne. I Sverige derimod er det socialdemokratiet, som sidder på regeringsmagten og skal lave det beskidte arbejde med at holde folks realløn nede.
 

Tyskland
Se også: Borgerl. rev.: Tyskland; Nazister: Tyskland; Venstrefløj Tyskland; Krise og modstand - Tyskland

Robert Lange: Tyskere imod atomkraft
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 310, jul 11 – side 12
Note: Atomkraft er sikkert, forholdsvis sikkert, men ikke sikkert nok til at det enorme ødelæggelsespotentiale, et uheld har, kan opvejes. Ligeledes gør det uløste affaldsproblem, at forsættelsen af atomkraft er uholdbar.
 

Europe’s growing wave of resistance to the crisis
Socialist Worker nr. 2126, nov 08 – side 2
Note: Across Europe there is a growing rebellion against attempts to make ordinary people pay for the economic crisis. Socialist Worker reports on the protests that have swept Greece, Italy and Germany in the past week
 

Tyskland før 1900

Alberto Toscano: The Protestant Revolution: the rival religions of princes and peasants
Socialist Worker nr. 2068, sep 07 – side 11
Note: Alberto Toscano casts a critical eye over a new BBC history series on the Protestant movement.
 

Jason Meyler: Marx, Engels og “Frihedens forår” i Tyskland i 1848-49: Revolution og kontrarevolution
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 27, feb 87 – side 9
Note: Fjernsynsprogrammet “Frihedens Forår” handlede om revolutionen i Tyskland i 1848-49. Vi ser kommunisten Friedrich Engels som en meget kritisk venstrefløj. Men vi ser kun et hjørne af revolutionen.
 

Tyskland 1900-1933

Ian Birchall: Feedback: Some questions about the lost German Revolution
International Socialism Journal nr. 150, apr 16 – side 185
Note: It is not surprising that Tony Phillips has made a vigorous defence of the ­“classic” Socialist Workers Party position on the 1918-1923 situation in Germany. The argument is central to the SWP’s historical analysis. In order to argue that Leninism did not inevitably lead to Stalinism, it is necessary to show that there was an alternative.
 

John Rose: Feedback: Revolutionary workers’ movements and parliaments in Germany 1918-23: A reply to Tony Phillips
International Socialism Journal nr. 150, apr 16 – side 191
Note: Tony Phillips provided a rather misleading account of my Marxism 2014 talk on Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils in the German Revolution in the last issue of International Socialism. Nevertheless Tony does point to an unresolved argument about workers’ councils and factory councils at different stages of the German Revolution, and their relationship to parliament.
 

Tony Phillips: Was the German Revolution defeated by January 1919?
International Socialism Journal nr. 149, jan 16 – side 185
Note: John Rose argued in his talk at Marxism 2014 that the German Revolution had effectively suffered terminal defeat by January 1919. The National Congress of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils voted in December 1918 to hand power to the National Assembly after elections to be held in January 1919.
 

John Rose: Luxemburg, Müller and the Berlin workers’ and soldiers’ councils
International Socialism Journal nr. 147, jul 15 – side 113
Note: Two very important new books about the German Revolution were published last year: Working-Class Politics in the German Revolution: Richard Müller, the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and the Origins of the Council Movement by Ralf Hoffrogge and The German Left and the Weimar Republic: A Selection of Documents, translated and introduced by Ben Fowkes.
 

Yusuf Timms: The KPD and the Crisis of World Revolution
International Socialism Journal nr. 140, okt 13 
Note: This year marks the ninetieth anniversary of the “German October”, the aborted socialist revolution that came to mark the end of the post-war revolutionary wave that had washed away monarchical government from most of Central and Eastern Europe. For a time, in the autumn of 1923, there seemed a real possibility that a new front was about to be opened up in the communist revolution that had begun in Russia six years earlier.
 

Ian Birchall: Being right is not enough: Some thoughts on Paul Levi
International Socialism Journal nr. 138, apr 13 – side 199
Note: John Rose and Sebastian Zehetmair are quite right to welcome the publication of David Fernbach’s collection of Paul Levi’s writings. There is still much to be learnt from the early years of the Communist International.
 

Divided they fell: the German left and the rise of Hitler
International Socialism Journal nr. 137, jan 13 – side 183
Note: Eighty years ago, on 30 January 1933, President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler to the position of Chancellor of the Reich. In the years preceding Hitler’s appointment the Nazis and their paramilitary units, the SA and SS, had already been engaging in a steady campaign of terror against the labour movement while the state looked the other way. On 30 January 1933 this terror was made legal.
 

Colin Wilson: Sex and the German Revolution
Socialist Review nr. 366, feb 12 – side 22
Note: As part of LGBT history month, Colin Wilson looks at the how the German Revolution of 1918 led to significant new freedoms for lesbians and gays, and the role played by Communists.
 

Mark Thomas: Germany's Forgotten Revolution
Socialist Worker nr. 2241, mar 11 – side 10
Note: Between 1918 and 1923 revolution erupted in Germany. Open class warfare gripped the country with uprisings, mass strikes and army mutinies. Armed workers clashed with counter-revolutionary paramilitaries.
 

Volkhard Mosler: The German Revolution: Berlin’s days of hope turned into despair
Socialist Worker nr. 2131, dec 08 – side 6
Note: Our series concludes as Volkhard Mosler describes the moves to crush the revolution in January 1919
 

Volkhard Mosler: The German Revolution: Workers’ councils had power to run society
Socialist Worker nr. 2130, dec 08 – side 6
Note: In the third part of our series Volkhard Mosler examines the movement that rocked Germany’s rulers in 1918
 

Volkhard Mosler: The German Revolution: Horrors of war gave birth to new struggle
Socialist Worker nr. 2129, nov 08 – side 6
Note: In the second part of our series Volkhard Mosler looks at how the German left grew during the war
 

Volkhard Mosler: The German Revolution: How a workers' uprising ended the First World War
Socialist Worker nr. 2128, nov 08 – side 6
Note: Volkhard Mosler opens our new series by looking at how revolt spread from the front to the factories in 1918
It is widely claimed that the 1918 November Revolution in Germany failed. But it succeeded in ending the First World War – the biggest and bloodiest war in human history up to that time.
 

Neil Davidson: When history failed to turn (A review of Pierre Broué: "The German Revolution, 1917-1923")
International Socialism Journal nr. 108, sep 05 – side 181
 

Ole Andersen: Den tyske revolution: Reformismens forræderi
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 179, jan 00 – side 9
 

Charlie Lywood: Tyskland 1918-23: Revolutionen der kunne have ændret verdens gang
Socialistisk Revy nr. 13, mar 99 – side 16
Note: Tyskland 1918-23 var præget af revolutionære tilstande. Charlie Lywood skriver her, at var revolutionen lykkedes, ville verden have set meget anderledes ud i dag. Og vi havde undgået såvel nazismens som stalinismens barbari
 

Kevin Ovenden: Karl Liebknecht 1871-1919: Ja til revolution! Nej til krig!
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 138, jun 96 – side 8
Note: Første verdenskrig splittede arbejderbevægelsen i reformister og revolutionære. Karl Liebknecht fastholdt sin krigsmodstand og argumenterede for nødvendigheden af revolution.
 

Louise Madsen: Leon Trotskij og Kenth-Åke Anderson: "Kampen mot Hitler"
International Socialisme nr. 4, feb 93 – side 36
Note: Kampen mot Hitler indeholder 2 artikler. Den ene er skrevet af den svenske trotskist Kenth-Åke Anderson, og er en historisk gennemgang af Hitlers vej til magten. Den anden er skrevet af Trotskij under titlen "For arbejdernes enhedsfront mot fascismen".
 

Lotte Mylendorff: Tyskland 1918-23: Opstand og nederlag
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 16, jan 86 – side 6
Note: »Uden en revolution i Tyskland er vi dødsdømte«, sagde Lenin i 1918. Historien har givet ham ret.
 

Juliet Ash: Clara Zetkin: A reply to Tony Cliff
International Socialism Journal nr. 14, sep 81 – side 120
Note: Tony Cliff’s article in International Socialism 2 : 13 on Clara Zetkin attempted to point out some of the grave complexities involved in understanding the development of socialist and feminist movements during the last 100 years. In doing so he employed a classic male leadership method, conveniently picking out from writings and correspondence of this period quotes from socialist women which would suggest a concern with issues considered important by socialists and feminists at present.
 

Janet Vaux: Feminists in the Labour Movement
International Socialism Journal nr. 14, sep 81 – side 124
Note: A reply to Tony Cliff: Clara Zetkin and the German Socialist Feminist Movement in ISJ2:13.
The general truth behind the attacks by Zetkin and Kollontai on contemporary women’s rights movements is that civil rights struggles are reformist; they don’t really change things, but leave the basis of a divided class society intact. It is quite usual, and I think correct, to say that the 19th century women’s rights movements were a struggle on the part of bourgeois women to get equal rights with bourgeois men. But, at this time, the working classes were also struggling for many of the political and educational rights enjoyed by bourgeois men.
 

Tony Cliff: Clara Zetkin and the German Socialist Feminist Movement
International Socialism Journal nr. 13, jun 81 – side 29
Note: Alienation is the core of capitalism. Under this system people treat each other not as ends in themselves, but as mere means; not as people, but as objects. This also applies to sexual relations both in the bourgeois and in the proletarian family. But from the fact that women of all classes are alienated one should not draw the conclusion that they all react in the same way to this alienation. On the contrary, in the final analysis the proletarian woman is spurred on by it to revolution, the bourgeois to reaction.
 

Contents 38-39 – Special Issue: Fascism, Stalinism and the United Front, 1930-34 by Leon Trotsky
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 38-39, aug 69 
 

Tyskland 1933-1945

Den tyske venstrefløj og Hitlers opstigning til magten: Splittelse og nederlag
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 328, apr 13 – side 13
Note: I år markeres firs-året for Hitlers tiltrædelse som rigskansler i 1933.
 

Stefan Bornost: Film: The truth behind ‘Valkyrie’ and the coup against Hitler
Socialist Worker nr. 2136, jan 09 – side 12
Note: The film Valkyrie dramatises an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. German writer and activist Stefan Bornost looks at the reality
 

Chris Bambery: How Hitler took power
Socialist Worker nr. 2086, feb 08 – side 13
Note: The Nazis came to power in Germany 75 years ago this month. Chris Bambery looks at the crucial lessons for fighting fascism today
 

Donny Gluckstein: Review: The economics of barbarism
International Socialism Journal nr. 117, jan 08 – side 184
Note: Review: Gotz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War and the Nazi Welfare State (Verso, 2007), £19.99
Hitler’s Beneficiaries is an important milestone in the study of Nazism and the Holocaust. At first glance, a book on German government financial policy and taxation is not likely to set the heart racing. However, a detailed study of these aspects yields some extraordinary results.
 

Sosialistisk Arbeideravis: Hvem støttede Hitler?
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 174, aug 99 – side 9
Note: Få historiske hændelser har været udgangspunkt for den samme grad af kontrovers, forvirring og mystificering som nazisternes vej til magten og den tragedie som fulgte.
 

Freddie Nielsen: Sådan er det!: Tysk modstand mod nazismen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 102, apr 94 – side 13
Note: Der findes stadig mennesker der ikke mener, at nazismen er en alvorlig fare, fordi nazisme for dem primært har noget med Tyskland og tyskere at gøre.
 

Tyskland - BRD 1946-1990

Hans Jørgen Vad: Berlin: Protest mod verdensbank
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 43, okt 88 – side 3
Note: Demonstrationen ved Verdensbank-mødet i Berlin giver revolutionære et pift af optimisme. Med 35.000 deltagere ifølge politiets oplysninger (og 55.000 ifølge arrangørerne) er det en temmelig bemærkelsesværdig sag.
 

Arne Lorenzen: Vesttyskland: Kohl helt cool
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 27, feb 87 – side 12
Note: 25. januar gik vesttyskerne til valg. Den konservativt-liberale Kohl-regering blev ikke afløst af en socialdemokratisk SPD-regering. CDU/CSU og SPD tabte stemmer, mens det liberale FDP og de Grønne gik meget frem.
 

Tyskland - DDR 1946-1990
Se også: 1989: Murens fald/Stalinismens sammenbrud

Gareth Dale: A short autumn of utopia: The East German revolution of 1989
International Socialism Journal nr. 124, okt 09 – side 39
Note: Readers of this journal are unlikely to be participating in the twentieth anniversary celebrations of the “transition to capitalism” in Central and Eastern Europe and it’s easy to see why.
 

Mike Haynes: Review: Stronger than the wall: Gareth Dale's trilogy on East Germany
International Socialism Journal nr. 114, apr 07 – side 191
Note: Three books in as many years are an achievement by anybody’s standards. What Gareth Dale has done here is more—through his discussion of the rise and fall of East Germany (the GDR) he has staked out a claim as a major influence on our interpretation of events in the second half of the 20th century in Europe. Whether it will be seen that way by the left is, however, another matter.
 

Arne Lorenzen: DDR: Hvad flygter de fra?
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 53, okt 89 – side 12
Note: Titusinder er flygtet fra DDR det sidste par måneder. Det er mest unge på 20-30 år. Flygtningetallet udtrykker en voldsom lede ved et system, som ikke tilnærmelsesvis har været i stand til at udmønte illusionen om, at man har indflydelse på sit eget liv.
 

Tyskland 1990-

Lene Junker: Interview: Alternative für Deutschland og kampen mod racisme i Tyskland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 359, maj 17 – side 7
Note: I Tyskland står det højreradikale parti Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) til at blive stort ved valget til det tyske parlament, forbundsdagen, i efteråret.
 

Dave Sewell: Tyskland: Det racistiske AfD går frem ved delstatsvalg
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 353, aug 16 
Note: Det racistiske parti, Alternativ for Tyskland (AfD), slog kansler Angela Merkels konservative CDU ned på tredjepladsen ved et delstatsvalg sidste weekend.
 

Dave Sewell: Advarsel fra Tyskland: Valg-gennembrud for racister
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 350, feb 16 
Note: Et gennembrud for et nyt parti, der har opfordret til at skyde flygtninge og forbyde de fleste skilsmisser, sendte en advarsel fra Tyskland sidste søndag.
 

Maeve McGrath: Germany: Not all in it together
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 7, sep 13 – side 54
Note: The English Economist magazine recently ran an advertising campaign which was to be seen in tube stations in London's underground. It featured two halves; one proclaiming: `Germany is saving Europe,' the other that: `Germany is sinking Euro.
 

En historie om den tyske efterretningstjeneste
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 317, feb 12 – side 11
Note: Skandalen om den nazistiske terrorcelle, også kendt som Döner-morderne i medierne, bringer den tyske efterretningstjeneste i interessens midtpunkt.
 

Yuri Prasad: Er de tyske vælgere rykket mod højre?
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 292, okt 09 – side 2
Note: Angela Merkels konservative parti CDU blev genvalgt ved det tyske valg 27. september. Resultatet betyder afslutningen på samarbejdet med det socialdemokratiske parti SPD til fordel for en ny koalition med det højreorienterede FDP.
 

Stefan Bornost: Rising struggle aids German left
Socialist Worker nr. 2095, apr 08 – side 4
Note: Civil war is raging in the SPD, the German Labour Party, following the successes of the radical left Die Linke party in recent elections. The crisis has grown to such an extent that a recent opinion poll put the SPD at 22 percent, with Die Linke at 14 percent.
 

Rise of new left party reshapes German politics
Socialist Worker nr. 2090, mar 08 – side 3
Note: The rapid ascendancy of Die Linke, the new German left party, is causing a crisis for all other mainstream parties – particularly the conservative CDU and the SPD, Germany’s equivalent of New Labour. Both parties share power in a coalition government.
 

Breakthrough for left in German elections
Socialist Worker nr. 2086, feb 08 – side 4
Note: Anger at the growing gap between rich and poor has increased support for the left in Germany – as shown in last week’s polls in West Germany
 

Stefan Bornost: Germany’s political earthquake
International Socialism Journal nr. 116, okt 07 – side 73
Note: Stefan Bornost, editor of the magazine marx21, spoke to International Socialism about the growth of German’s new left wing party.
 

Stefan Bornost: The new left party Die Linke is officially launched in Germany (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2056, jun 07 
Note: On Saturday 16 June a new left was created in Germany as 750 delegates from two parties – Linkspartei (PDS) and WASG – voted for the founding of a new party called Die Linke (The Left). With 72,000 members Die Linke will be the third biggest party in the country.
 

Christine Buchholz + Volkhard Mosler + Maya Mosler: Germany’s strategy debate
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 42
Note: Volkhard Mosler, secretary of Frankfurt WASG and a leading figure in Linksruck, Christine Buchholz, a member of the national executive of WASG and a member of Linksruck and Maya Mosler, who was a delegate to WASG party congress, spoke to International Socialism about current debates in Germany.
 

Stefan Bornost: Germany: the rise of the left
International Socialism Journal nr. 108, sep 05 – side 14
Note: After years of relative stability German politics is changing rapidly. Massive attacks on the welfare state have led to upheaval in the trade union movement, major splits in the reformist camp and a regrouping of the left.
 

Klaus B. Jensen: Den europæiske fagbevægelse – mod nedskæringer
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 227, apr 04 – side 12
Note: Den 3. april havde det europæiske LO indkaldt til demonstration mod sociale nedskæringer.
 

Ida H. Jakobsen + Mikkel Birk Jespersen: Strejker lammer Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 5
Note: Arbejderkampe hærger Europa i øjeblikket. I flere europæiske lande gør nyliberale regeringers velfærdsslagteri så ondt at befolkningen siger stop. Her finder du et udpluk af de protester og strejker der bølger over Europa.
 

Klaus B. Jensen: Schröder: Nej til krig mod Irak
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 207, okt 02 – side 5
Note: En krig mod Irak er blevet et hedt emne i den tyske valgkamp.
 

Andrew Stone: (News Review:) Germany: Can Schröder turn the tide again?
Socialist Review nr. 266, sep 02 – side 6
 

Alexander Lassithiotakis: Korruptionen fortsætter i Tyskland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 180, feb 00 – side 4
Note: Skandalen ruller videre i det tyske konservative parti CDU.
 

Germany: Workers' pressure pays off
Socialist Worker nr. 1675, dec 99 
Note: TONY BLAIR'S key ally in Europe had to turn away from New Labour's policy of letting the free market rip through the economy last week. Pressure from workers and trade unions forced German leader Gerhard Schröder to stump up £80 million of government money to save 28,000 jobs.
 

Poul Erik Kristensen: Tyskland: Metalarbejdere presser socialdemokratisk regering
Socialistisk Revy nr. 12, feb 99 – side 14
Note: Medlemmerne af verdens største fagforening, det tyske metalarbejderforbund IG Metall rasler med sablerne.
 

Frank Antonsen: Frankrig: Underfrankrig presser overklassen
Socialistisk Revy nr. 2, mar 98 – side 4
Note: Frankrigs 3,1 millioner arbejdsløse vil ikke længere finde sig i skiftende regeringers nedskæringspolitik. Derfor har de aktioneret siden lidt før nytår i mere og mere radikale aktioner. I februar spredte oprøret sig til Tyskland, hvor der er omkring 5 millioner arbejdsløse – det største tal siden 1933, det år, Hitler kom til magten.
 

Frank Antonsen: Tyske studenter kan vælte kansler Kohl
Socialistisk Revy nr. 1, feb 98 – side 24
Note: Tyske studenter aktionerer for bedre studieforhold, men også for bredere ændringer i samfundet. Frank Antonsen skriver om baggrunden for aktionerne.
 

Tyskland på vej mod storstrejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 159, maj 97 – side 3
Note: Bygningsarbejdere i Tyskland er på vej mod en strejkeaktion landet over for første gang siden 1950.
 

Tyskland: Arbejderklassen bliver stadigt stærkere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 155, mar 97 – side 3
Note: To gange i marts måned har tyske arbejdere marcheret lige til bæstets hjerte, og på den måde vist hvordan resolutte aktioner kan tvinge regering og arbejdsgivere i knæ.
 

Jens Klüver: Tyskland: Helvede vil bryde løs
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 113, mar 95 – side 7
Note: Tyske metalarbejdere kræver 6% mere i løn. Nægter arbejdsgiverne at betale, udløses den største strejke siden 2. verdenskrig.
 

Jens Klüver: Tyskland: Metalarbejdere i offensiven
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 101, mar 94 – side 6
Note: Den 5. marts måtte arbejdsgiverne bøje sig for trusler om massestrejke blandt tyske metalarbejdere.
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Europa i oprør: Storbritannien/Tyskland: Studerende i aktion
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 100, feb 94 – side 6
Note: I England fortsætter de studerende med at kæmpe mod forringelser af deres studiestøtte. Den konservative regering vil skære støtten ned med 10% om året over de næste 3 år. Forslaget blev vedtaget i underhuset i januar måned.
 

Jens Klüver: Europa i oprør: Tyskland: Demonstrationer mod lønnedgang
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 100, feb 94 – side 6
Note: Siden 1. februar har tyske metalarbejdere strejket og demonstreret mod lønnedgang.
 

Michael Hansen: Tysklands genforening: Illusionernes mure falder
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 63, okt 90 – side 2
Note: Den 3. oktober genforenes Tyskland efter 40 års adskillelse. Arbejdsløsheden stiger med 25.000 personer om ugen. Efter eksperters beregninger vil den nå op på 2-4 millioner.
 

Anders Schou: Valgsejr for Kohl
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 58, mar 90 – side 12
Note: Var valget i DDR det endelige bevis for socialismens død? Sådan lød Uffe Ellemann i det mindste, da han kommenterede det i fjernsynet. Der er da heller ingen tvivl om, at mange socialister fik et chok, da resultatet blev offentliggjort.
Men det er langt fra problemløst for Kohl!
 

Holland

Max van Lingen: The stagnation of the Dutch Socialist Party
International Socialism Journal nr. 151, jul 16 – side 131
Note: The Socialist Party (SP) is one of the parties that emerged to the left of traditional social democracy in the last decade of the 20th century. In electoral terms, it is one of the most successful. At its peak in 2006, the SP got 25 out of 150 seats (16.6 percent of the vote), becoming the third party in the House of Representatives. With the European Parliament (2014) and provincial (2015) elections it eclipsed the Labour Party (PvdA) for the first time, becoming the biggest party of the left in the Netherlands. Until Syriza’s election victory in 2015 the Dutch SP was the only left reformist party in Europe to win a bigger share of the vote than the traditional social democratic party.
 

Maina van der Zwan: Geert Wilders and the rise of the new radical right
International Socialism Journal nr. 131, jul 11 – side 131
Note: “If someone in England stands up and establishes a party which positions itself between the racist BNP and the conservatives, it would also get 20 percent of the vote. I would very much like to establish parties in other countries. The people want it. An anti-Islam wave that is unstoppable.”
A week before this comment by the leading Dutch far-right politician Geert Wilders, the English Defence League announced it was considering standing candidates in national and council elections.
 

Anne A. Lange: Erfaringer fra Holland: Regningen Retur
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 301, sep 10 – side 2
Note: Interview med Maina van der Zwan fra Internationale Socialister i Holland og med i initiativet Regningen Retur.
 

Far right gain ground in Dutch elections
Socialist Worker nr. 2192, mar 10 – side 3
Note: Local election results in the Netherlands are a serious warning to the left.
 

Pepijn Brandon: Bourgeois revolution: The Dutch Revolt: a social analysis
International Socialism Journal nr. 116, okt 07 – side 139
Note: The Dutch Revolt of the 16th century is probably the most neglected of the “classical” bourgeois revolutions. But this has not always been the case. In the years immediately preceding the French Revolution the Dutch Revolt even became something of a cause celebre.
 

Klaus B. Jensen: Valget i Holland: Stor fremgang for Socialisterne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 263, dec 06 – side 5
Note: Efter flere års borgerligt styre i Holland står venstrefløjen nu over for en stor udfordring. Venstrefløjen løb nemlig af med sejren ved valget i Holland den 23. november.
 

Pepijn Brandon: A note on the Dutch referendum
International Socialism Journal nr. 108, sep 05 – side 34
Note: On 1 June 2005 a large majority of the Dutch electorate rejected the proposed EU constitution. With a 62 percent ‘No’ vote on a 63 percent turnout, the Dutch ‘No’ was even more pronounced than the French ‘No’ two days previously.
 

Jørn Andersen: Kamp mod racismen i Holland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 237, jan 05 – side 2
Note: I sidste nummer af avisen fortalte vi om racistisk stemning i Holland efter mordet på den højreorienterede filmmand, Theo van Gogh.
 

Frank Antonsen + Christina Munk: Reportage fra IS i Holland: Polarisering, racisme og anti-racisme
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 204, jul 02 – side 11
Note: Holland bliver ofte set som et meget stille og tolerant land, men den lynhurtige måde, hvorpå det yderste højre kom frem, har rystet det vante billede af landet. Ikke mindst efter deres leder, Pim Fortuyn, blev dræbt en uge før valget.
 

Belgien

Dave Sewell: Grækenlands regering står over for kollaps, mens generalstrejker ryster Italien og Belgien
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 342, dec 14 – side 7
Note: Året som skulle bringe bedring for krisen i eurozonen ender i stedet i strejker, kursfald på aktiemarkedet og politisk kollaps.
 

Krigsforbrydere truer Belgien
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 5
Note: USA har netop haft held til at true og betale sig til endnu et år, at stå uden for den internationale krigs-forbryderdomstol. Men Bush, Wolfowitz, Rumsfeld og Co. kan stadig ikke vide sig sikre.
 

Belgien: Renault-arbejderne fortsætter kampen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 156, apr 97 – side 3
Note: De ansatte på Renault i Vilvoorde, Belgien, har nu besat fabrikken i flere uger.
 

Frank Antonsen: Renault, Belgien: Den første EU-strejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 155, mar 97 – side 3
Note: Solidaritet på tværs af landegrænser. Det er de europæiske Renault-arbejderes svar på ledelsens forsøg på at spekulere i massefyringer og EU-støtte.
 

Tony Cliff: Belgium: Strike to Revolution?
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 4, mar 61 – side 10
Note: Since 1886 the Belgian working class has been involved in eight general strikes. We should be hard put to find a better laboratory to study the place of the general strike in the proletarian class struggle, its potentialities and limitations, and the effect of other social and political factors on its development and outcome. The present article tries to help this study.
 

Luxemburg

Judy Cox: Can capitalism go on forever? (Rosa Luxemburg: "The Accumulation of Capital")
International Socialism Journal nr. 100, sep 03 – side 133
Note: Judy Cox on Rosa Luxemburg's under-appreciated classic 'The Accumulation of Capital'.
 

Frankrig
Se også: Borgerl. rev.: Frankrig; Nazister: Frankrig; Venstrefløj Frankrig; Krise og modstand - Frankrig

Matt Perry: Book Review: The Resistance: The French Fight Against the Nazis (online only)
Socialist Review nr. 338, jul 09 
Note: Matthew Cobb, Simon & Schuster; £17.99
The heroic view of the French resistance has faded. Histories of France in these years focus on the complexity of French public opinion, the collaborationist Vichy regime of Philippe Petain or challenge the resistance myths of Charles de Gaulle and the French Communist Party. Cobb's book tries to buck this trend with a demythologised but sympathetic account of the French resistance, attempting to demonstrate its "power to inspire".
 

Alan Krivine on France’s new Anti-Capitalist Party
Socialist Worker nr. 2131, dec 08 – side 8
Note: Alain Krivine of the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire (LCR) spoke to Socialist Worker about the conference in January that will found a new party, now known as the New Anti-capitalist Party (NPA).
 

Jim Wolfreys: Sarkozy’s attack on French pension rights (expanded online)
Socialist Worker nr. 2074, okt 07 – side 16
Note: France’s transport network was brought to a standstill on Thursday of last week as thousands of railway workers came out on strike against president Nicolas Sarkozy’s plans to end “exceptional pension schemes”.
 

Arbejderklassen tvinger Frankrig til venstre
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 159, maj 97 – side 3
Note: Oprindeligt blev præsident Chirac valgt på løfter om at skære ned i arbejdsløsheden.
 

Frankrig før 1900
Se også: Pariserkommunen

Marie Jæger: En lektie om arbejdermagt og statsmagt: Pariserkommunen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 307, mar 11 – side 13
Note: Paris, 18. marts 1871. Efter et halvt års preussisk besættelse er nok blevet nok for den parisiske arbejderklasse. Nok sult, nok arbejdsløshed, nok krig, nok undertrykkelse.
 

Henry Heller: Book review: Origins of the French working class
International Socialism Journal nr. 123, jul 09 – side 201
Note: Samuel Guicheteau, La Révolution des Ouvriers Nantais: Mutation Economique, Identité Sociale et Dynamique Révolutionnaire (1740-1815) (Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2008), €19
A revisionist school, premised on the notion that the French Revolution was not bourgeois and capitalist, has dominated the historiography of the revolution in the English-speaking world since the 1970s. Its dominance over academic history was made possible by the cultural turn, neoliberalism and lacunae in the scholarship of the previous generation of Marxist historians like Georges Lefebvre, Albert Soboul and George Rudé. Yet today revisionism is increasingly challenged as a result of a rising tide of new research coming from American scholars such as Steven Kaplan and Jeff Horn, but especially from French researchers. Samuel Guicheteau’s study of the development of the working class in Nantes provides a powerful new set of weapons against the entrenched conservative school of historiography.
 

Prosper Olivier Lissagaray: History of the Paris Commune of 1871 (1876)
Note: Introduction by Eleanor Marx, who also translated it into English.
 

Karl Marx: Pariserkommunen (Borgerkrigen i Frankrig)
Note: Med forord af Friedrich Engels.
 

Alfred Lang: Pariserkommunen 1871: 72 dage der rystede Europas magthavere
Note: Pariserkommunen indførte omfattende sociale forandringer i dens korte levetid for 135 år siden.
 

Neil Davidson: The French Revolution is not over
International Socialism Journal nr. 113, jan 07 – side 159
Note: A review of Henry Heller, The Bourgeois Revolution in France, 1789-1815 (Berghahn Books, 2006), £36.50
 

Chris Nineham: 72 days that shook the world
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 177
Note: A review of Donny Gluckstein: "The Paris Commune: A Revolution in Democracy" (Bookmarks, 2006), £14.99
 

Graham Mustin: Hunting the heretics
International Socialism Journal nr. 110, mar 06 – side 192
Note: A review of Elaine Graham-Leigh: "The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade" (Boydell Press, 2005), £50
 

Lene Junker: Arbejdermuseet: “Pariserkommunen 1871” (udstilling): I Begyndelsen var Kommunen ...
Socialistisk Revy nr. 4, maj 98 – side 27
Note: Den 28. marts 1871 proklamerede arbejderklassen i Paris Kommunen – den første revolution, hvor arbejdere og andre småkårsfolk spillede den afgørende rolle.
 

Freddie Nielsen: Frankrig 1848
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 59, maj 90 – side 9
 

Jørgen Lund: 1789: Den store Franske Revolution
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 50, jun 89 – side 9
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Marxismens betydning: 114 år – Men stadig lige aktuel
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 6, mar 85 – side 7
Note: Leve Kommunen! Leve Kommunen! Sådan lød det i Paris’ gader for 114 år siden. Helt præcis den 18. marts 1871 greb arbejderbefolkningen, de småhandlende, den radikale intelligensia og udstødte grupper magten i Paris og oprettede deres eget styre over byen, nemlig Pariserkommunen.
 

Frankrig 1900-1939

George Paizis: Review: Reserve army on the march
International Socialism Journal nr. 118, apr 08 – side 209
Note: Matt Perry, Prisoners of Want: The Experience and Protest of the Unemployed in France, 1921-45 (Ashgate, 2007), £55
 

Ian Birchall: Review: Pioneers of internationalism
International Socialism Journal nr. 117, jan 08 – side 179
Note: Review: Robert Stuart, Marxism and National Identity (SUNY, 2006), $29.95
Today Jules Guesde is remembered, if at all, for the treachery at the end of his life—he joined the French wartime government in 1914 and remained in it till the end of 1916.
 

Martin B. Johansen: Frankrig 1936: Et håb blev knust
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 19, maj 86 – side 10
Note: I begyndelsen af 30’erne var der reaktion på fremmarch i Europa. Fascisterne havde taget magten i Tyskland og Italien. Den økonomiske krise betød massearbejdsløshed og elendige levevilkår for arbejderne. Men i Frankrig i 1936 kom der et fantastisk opsving i arbejdernes kampe, som gav et kort glimt af mulighederne for at vende situationen.
 

Ian Birchall: Too much, too little, too late: left Social Democracy in the French Popular Front
International Socialism Journal nr. 13, jun 81 – side 74
Note: Recent developments in the Labour Party seem to have strengthened the case of those who argue that the left can make real gains by working inside mass social-democratic parties. Many Labour Party members believe it is actually possible for the left current in the Party to grow in strength and influence until it dominates the whole Party.
 

Frankrig 1939-1967

17 October 1961: Massacre in Paris
Socialist Worker nr. 2273, okt 11 – side 8
Note: Fifty years ago police in Paris killed over 200 Algerian protesters and threw their bodies into the River Seine. Historian Jean-Luc Einaudi exposed the murders in his book The Battle of Paris. He spoke to Sellouma from France’s New Anticapitalist Party.
 

17 October 1961: Eyewitnesses to the 1961 Paris massacre
Socialist Worker nr. 2273, okt 11 – side 8
Note: A senior steward hurried to give me a green armband as I arrived. I effectively became a traffic warden, except that I was directing Algerians—women and men, old people and children.
 

Tom Whittaker: Review: Paris 1961: a hidden massacre
International Socialism Journal nr. 116, okt 07 – side 216
Note: Jim House and Neil McMaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror and Memory (Oxford University, 2006), £60
Leaving aside situations of insurrection, revolution or civil war, the massacre of Algerian demonstrators that took place from 17 to 20 October 1961 in Paris constitutes “the bloodiest act of state repression of street protest in Western Europe in modern history”.
 

Dave Beecham: Writers reviewed: Boris Vian
Socialist Review nr. 40, feb 82 – side 29
Note: "I'll desert, I'll go underground. I'll fight my own war."
 

Jean-Jacques Marie: France: The March of Despotism
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 3, dec 60 – side 12
Note: Big business and its Gaullist Government are pursuing an unprecedented offensive against the working-class and against middle-class groups: the Algerian War must be paid for; so too the nation’s own Atomic Bomb, and the nuclear ‘strike-force’.
 

Frankrig 1968-1979

Marie Jæger: Frankrig 68
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 306, feb 11 – side 15
Note: Krisen kradser, og borgerlige regeringer i Europa udnytter muligheden til at legitimere angreb mod arbejderklassen i form af forringelser i offentlige ydelser. Også uddannelserne er ramt af nedskæringer: I England har regeringen vedtaget brugerbetaling på universiteterne på op til 100.000 kr. Berlusconi har varslet nedskæringer på uddannelsesområdet svarende til over 2 mia. kr. i Italien, og også den danske regering gennemfører forringelser i SU’en.
 

Ian Birchall: ‘Fantasien til magten’. Frankrig 1968 (1987)
Note: Nr. 1 i serien "Revolutioner i vores tid"
 

Matt Perry: 1968: an extraordinary year: May 1968 across the decades
International Socialism Journal nr. 118, apr 08 – side 53
Note: The French events of May 1968 were a profound shock to General de Gaulle’s ten-year presidency and the French state. Twenty years after the event former Paris police chief Maurice Grimaud was asked in an interview, “Could the state have collapsed?” He replied in a very revealing manner.
 

Jørgen Lund: Maj 68 i Frankrig: Studenter og arbejdere i oprør: Det kan ske igen!
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 91, maj 93 – side 8
Note: Det er maj 68 i Frankrig, der symboliserer hele ideen om “68” som en tid med oprør. For tilhængere af det bestående samfund er maj 68 et spøgelse.
 

Jason Meyler: Frankrigs røde forår (1968)
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 39, maj 88 – side 6
Note: Det mest afgørende ved 1968 var ikke Vietnam-bevægelsen eller foråret i Prag. Det var klassekampsudviklingen i Frankrig.
 

Ågot Berger: Maj ‘68: Fra studenteroprør til generalstrejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 26, jan 87 – side 5
Note: Studenter- og arbejderurolighederne i Frankrig i maj 1968 startede med demonstrationer på et meget snævert grundlag, og endte i den største generalstrejke, der er set i nyere tid.
 

Hans Jørgen Vad: Frankrig 1968: Arbejderklassens genrejsning
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 4, jan 85 – side 4
Note: Majopstanden i Frankrig i 68 indvarsler en ny tid for den europæiske arbejderklasse. Den franske præsident de Gaulles flugt fra og statsmagtens lammelse overfor arbejdernes massive styrke bliver et markant brud med næsten 25 års klassesamarbejde.
 

Ian Birchall + Philip Spencer: France: No left turn
Socialist Review nr. 1, apr 78 – side 7
Note: French workers face another five years of right wing rule after the legislative elections on 19 March.
 

Jean McNair: Paris by poster
Socialist Review nr. 1, apr 78 – side 9
Note: Paris, 12 March: If you walk through the streets of Paris you can see the excitement in the air.
 

LO (Lutte Ouvrière, Frankrig): Survey: France: Results and Prospects
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 36, apr 69 – side 6
Note: On January 31st a public meeting was held in Paris, organised by Rouge and Lutte Ouvrière, on the theme Building the Revolutionary Party. Some 4,500 people attended. A joint communique at the end stated that the numbers and enthusiasm of the audience showed ‘The desire of these revolutionary students and militants to see the different tendencies of the far Left undertaking, everywhere possible, joint work with the aim of working towards a united front or even a common organisation of all revolutionaries’.
 

Peter Sedgwick: Review: The French May ...
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 36, apr 69 – side 39
Note: André Barjonet: La Révolution Trahie de 1968
Tony Cliff and Ian Birchall: France: The Struggle Goes On
Edgar Morin, Claude Lefort, Jean-Marc Coudray: Mai 1968: La Brèche
Partisans, special issue (No 42): Ouvriers, Erudiants: Un Seul Combat
Angelo Quattrochi and Tom Nairn: The Beginning of the End: France May 1968
Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville: French Revolution 1968
 

Editorial 2: France: The Unfinished Revolution
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 34, sep 68 – side 2
Note: For a few heady days in May it looked as though sectarianism was finally dead. Trotskyists, Maoists, anarchists, ‘new lefters’ were solidly ranged together on the right side of the barricades (the Stalinists were almost equally solid on the wrong side).
 

Frankrig 1979-1990

Paul Kellogg: Goodbye to the working class?
International Socialism Journal nr. 36, sep 87 – side 105
 

LO (Lutte Ouvrière, Frankrig): A critique of the SWP’s analysis of the French railway workers’ strike
International Socialism Journal nr. 36, sep 87 – side 112
 

Ågot Berger: Frankrig i krise: Kampen blev politisk
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 26, jan 87 – side 5
Note: Ågot Berger interviewer Marit Nilssen, student på Tolbiac-universitetet i Paris.
 

Maureen Watson: Frankrig: Borgerlig regering i knibe
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 26, jan 87 – side 12
Note: Franskmændene har i løbet af de sidste to måneder oplevet, hvordan selv den mest sikre borgerlige regering kan rystes af strejkebevægelser.
 

Jacques Fournier: The parliamentary road ... to capitalism – the Socialist Party and the left in France 1981-86
International Socialism Journal nr. 33, sep 86 – side 89
 

Lotte Mylendorff: Mitterand baner vejen for fascister
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 19, maj 86 – side 12
Note: For første gang siden Anden verdenskrig er et fascistisk parti parlamentarisk repræsenteret i nævneværdigt omfang efter det nyligt afholdte valg i Frankrig.
 

Jacques Fournier: The Ligue Communiste Revolutionnaire and the Mitterrand government
International Socialism Journal nr. 21, sep 83 – side 117
 

Ian Birchall: France: Mitterrands moderation
Socialist Review nr. 40, feb 82 – side 7
Note: Ian Birchall examines the record of Mitterrand's France so far.
 

Frankrig 1990-

Jørn Andersen: Præsidentvalg i Frankrig: Fascisten Marine Le Pen fører
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 358, mar 17 – side 13
Note: Fascisten Marine Le Pen fører snævert i meningsmålingerne op til første runde af det franske præsidentvalg 23. april, men har næppe en chance i 2. runde.
 

Den franske sociolog Christine Delphy taler mod islamofobi: Had, der har dybe rødder
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 353, aug 16 
Note: Burkini-forbuddet har chokeret mange mennesker, men racismen bag det har rødder, der går mange år tilbage. Franske politikeres og mediers fokus på islam gør racismen respektabel.
 

Christine Kyndi: Undtagelsestilstand i Frankrig: Stå sammen mod statens undertrykkelse
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 349, nov 15 
Note: Undtagelsestilstanden i Frankrig viser med al tydelighed nødvendigheden af at venstrefløjen står sammen med muslimer i en kompromisløs kamp mod islamofobi.
 

Dave Sewell: Franske aktivister reagerer på angrebet i Paris: “Jeres krige – Vores døde”
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 349, nov 15 
Note: Mindst 128 mennesker er blevet dræbt ved en række skyderier og selvmordsbomber seks forskellige steder i den franske hovedstad Paris i aftes, fredag. Aktivister i Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste (NPA) i Paris talte med Socialist Worker lørdag morgen.
 

SWP: Socialist Workers Party (UK) efter Paris: Nej til racisme og imperialistiske krige, der skaber rædslerne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 349, nov 15 
Note: De forfærdelige drab i Paris er rædselsvækkende. Vores medfølelse er hos ofrene og deres familier og venner.
 

Mark Brown: Socialism, satire and Charlie Hebdo
International Socialism Journal nr. 147, jul 15 – side 165
Note: The murderous attack on the Paris offices of the “satirical” magazine Charlie Hebdo on 7 January 2015—in which 12 people (nine journalists, two police officers and a caretaker) were killed—has, obviously and correctly, been condemned by every decent person on the left. Socialists defer to no one in our revulsion at the murders.
 

Jim Wolfreys: After the Paris attacks: An Islamophobic spiral
International Socialism Journal nr. 146, apr 15 – side 25
Note: “There will be a before and an after,” French prime minister Manuel Valls declared in the wake of the appalling murders that took place in Paris in early 2015, the slaughter of a dozen people at the Charlie Hebdo offices on 7 January by Chérif and Saïd Kouachi and the killing of a police officer and four shoppers at a kosher supermarket by Amedy Coulibaly over the next two days.
 

Denis Godard: Frankrig efter Charlie Hebdo-angrebet
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 343, feb 15 – side 6
Note: Det umiddelbare svar efter angrebet på Charlie Hebdo var “national enhed” imod terrorismen.
 

Denis Godard: Frankrig efter Charlie Hebdo-angrebet
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 342, dec 14 
Note: Det umiddelbare svar efter angrebet på Charlie Hebdo var “national enhed” imod terrorismen.
 

Dave Sewell: Racist police provocation lies behind riots in France
Socialist Worker nr. 2363, jul 13 – side 3
Note: Resentment at the racist policing of France’s Muslims exploded in riots in the town of Trappes near Versailles last week.
 

Jim Wolfreys: France after Sarkozy: Confronting the politics of despair
International Socialism Journal nr. 135, jul 12 – side 27
Note: In 1981 the joyous celebrations that greeted François Mitterran’ds election as president, on a radical reform programme, were an expression of widespread hope of significant change. Almost exactly 31 years later the mood following François Hollande’s victory over Nicolas Sarkozy could not have been more different. Hollande won on a modest promise of “fair austerity”.
 

Jørn Andersen: Valg i Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 320, jun 12 – side 6
Note: Det græske valg har rystet magthaverne i Europa. Sarkozy er væk og Merkel er svækket. Det er de vigtigste resultater af maj måneds valg i Europa. Men valgene stiller lige så mange spørgsmål som de giver svar.
 

Sylvestre Jaffard: Is this the end of Sarkozy?
Socialist Review nr. 367, mar 12 – side 16
Note: As the French presidential elections near, Sylvestre Jaffard charts the declining fortunes of Nicolas Sarkozy and looks at the dangers from the right, with the fascist Marine Le Pen buoyed by the polls, and the opportunities for the left to challenge neoliberalism and austerity.
 

Jonathan Højgaard: Frankrig: Den første sejr – strejken i 1995
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 303, nov 10 – side 15
Note: Den tre en halv uge lange strejkebevægelse i Frankrig i slutningen af 1995 blev et vigtigt vendepunkt for klassekampen – i Frankrig men også i resten af Europa. Den viste at arbejderklassen ikke, som det ellers var proklameret af post-modernistiske kommentatorer, var afgået ved døden, men tværtimod levede og kunne kæmpe. Bevægelsen var den største og mest radikale i Frankrig siden 1968.
 

Total announced closure of refinery in Dunkirk
Socialist Worker nr. 2192, mar 10 – side 3
Note: The French CGT union has threatened “fire and blood” after oil giant Total announced the closure of its refinery in Dunkirk.
 

Vanina Giudicelli: Letter from ...: France
Socialist Review nr. 342, dec 09 – side 9
Note: Undocumented workers in Paris are waging an extraordinary battle to win their rights, reports Vanina Giudicelli
 

Anindya Bhattacharyya: Book Review: Alain Badiou: The Meaning of Sarkozy
Socialist Review nr. 334, mar 09 – side 28
Note: Philosophers, it is well known, only interpret the world, when the point is to change it. France's Alain Badiou is a rare exception to this rule – a philosopher who tries to do both. Published in France in 2007, this book was conceived as a polemical response to the election of Nicolas Sarkozy as the country's president in May that year. It proved to be a surprise hit.
 

Jim Wolfreys: France: crisis and revolt
Socialist Worker nr. 2131, dec 08 – side 8
Note: The attacks from France’s right wing government have seen a vigorous response from workers and students, which has opened a political space for the left.
 

Sophie Drouillet: Defending education in France (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2129, nov 08 
Note: Last Thursday around 200,000 teachers and students took to the streets across France against the government’s attacks on education. The strike was called by all the teachers’ and students’ unions. The right-wing administration of Nicolas Sarkozy wants to cut the education budget rather than focussing on improving teaching and learning conditions.
 

Denis Godard: Letter from ...: France
Socialist Review nr. 329, okt 08 – side 9
Note: The victory of conservative Nicolas Sarkozy last year has led to disorientation for the mainstream left. But this can offer exciting possibilities for anti-capitalists, argues Denis Godard.
 

Jim Wolfreys: French protests shake up Sarkozy
Socialist Worker nr. 2103, maj 08 – side 6
Note: Nicolas Sarkozy’s election victory in France a year ago was interpreted by some as a neoliberal backlash against the left. But he now finds himself the most unpopular president since records began.
 

Sadie Robinson: Review: Exposing racism
International Socialism Journal nr. 118, apr 08 – side 197
Note: Joan Wallach Scott, The Politics of the Veil (Princeton University, 2007), £14.95
 

Jim Wolfreys: Sarkozy off the hook as French rail workers enter talks
Socialist Worker nr. 2079, dec 07 – side 5
Note: After nine days of strikes against president Nicolas Sarkozy’s pension reforms, France’s rail and metro workers last week voted to suspend action as their unions agreed to talks on the government’s terms.
 

France: Student occupations at the crossroads
Socialist Worker nr. 2079, dec 07 – side 5
Note: Kohou Mbwélili, a student at Paris’s Sorbonne university, spoke to Socialist Worker about the student movement.
 

François Duval: France: LCR: ‘We need to build a political alternative to the neoliberal parties’
Socialist Worker nr. 2079, dec 07 – side 5
Note: The current wave of industrial disputes in France takes place less than six months after the election of the right wing Nicolas Sarkozy as president. It shows that the French working class is still up for a fight, despite its recent election defeat.
 

Alexander Lassithiotakis: Strejker og protester lammer Frankrig
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 274, nov 07 – side 9
Note: Den franske præsident Sarkozy lægger arm med de franske arbejdere og studerende. Hans angreb bliver indtil videre mødt med stor modstand, og udfaldet kan blive afgørende for i hvilken grad Sarkozy fremover kan implementere nyliberalistiske reformer i Frankrig.
 

Jim Wolfreys: France rises up against Sarkozy
Socialist Worker nr. 2078, nov 07 – side 16
Note: A major battle is underway in France. The newly elected president Nicolas Sarkozy and his right wing government have launched a wave of attacks on workers and students.
 

French students: ‘The movement is building rapidly’
Socialist Worker nr. 2078, nov 07 – side 16
Note: Students across France have been occupying their universities and protesting against the government’s LRU laws that introduce the market into university management.
 

Suzanne Dafour + Kohou Mbwélili + Aurélien Govois: French students strike against neoliberal reform
Socialist Worker nr. 2077, nov 07 – side 6
Note: Students in France are mobilising against a new reform of higher education. Students had struck or occupied at over 30 universities as Socialist Worker went to press.
 

Rada Leu: Frontlines: Sarkozy's raids of the playgrounds
Socialist Review nr. 319, nov 07 – side 6
Note: At the recent inauguration of a Moscow memorial to the victims of the gulag Nicolas Sarkozy made a fervent speech about the importance of human rights, underlining the necessity of interaction between authorities and population.
 

Analysis: Sarkozy: the French Thatcher?
International Socialism Journal nr. 115, jul 07 – side 6
Note: “Sarkozy, Brown, Merkel. Neoliberalism has its people in power in the main European countries and is free to proceed full speed ahead as it wishes.” That, in effect, is what the optimistic capitalist commentators are saying, and this view finds its mirror image among pessimists on the left.
 

Jim Wolfreys + Antoine Boulangé: France at the crossroads
International Socialism Journal nr. 115, jul 07 – side 111
Note: Prior to the presidential election of April/May 2007 France seemed to epitomise both the crisis facing mainstream politics in Europe and the potential of the developing movement against neoliberalism, which had scored a number of important victories. However, the election, when it came, appeared to confound such assumptions.
 

Olivier Besancenot: Letter from ...: France
Socialist Review nr. 315, jun 07 – side 9
Note: The severe electoral defeat of the left doesn't automatically mean a social defeat, argues Olivier Besancenot of the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire (LCR).
 

Chris Harman: In perspective: Sarkozy – Capital's Latest Helper
Socialist Review nr. 315, jun 07 – side 17
Note: The three main contenders for France's presidency last month were in agreement over one thing – the need for economic reform and increased accommodation for market forces.
But why are Europe's capitalists so desperate to embrace Nicolas Sarkozy's new vision of France?
 

Alex Callinicos: France: Is Sarkozy a signal that Europe is heading right?
Socialist Worker nr. 2051, maj 07 – side 5
Note: France’s new president will meet stiff resistance to his neoliberal offensive, writes Alex Callinicos
 

Jørn Andersen: Frankrig efter første valgrunde: Nyliberalisme kræver samlede svar
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 268, apr 07 – side 7
Note: Valget i Frankrig symboliserer på mange måder de udfordringer, venstrefløjen over det meste af Europa står over for i disse år.
 

Daniel Bensaïd: The return of strategy
International Socialism Journal nr. 113, jan 07 – side 139
Note: Daniel Bensaid is a leading member of the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire (LCR) in France. This article takes up issues arising in a discussion on revolutionary strategy to be found in the LCRs theoretical journal Critique Communiste in March 2006 and continued at a seminar in Paris in June.
 

Chris Harman: Frankrig 1995: Den varme december
Note: I december 1995 sås det største udbrud af klassekamp i Frankrig i et kvart århundrede. 2 millioner arbejdere i den offentlige sektor gik i strejke over en periode på tre en halv uge.
Strejkerne satte en stopper for den borgerlige Juppé-regerings nedskæringsplaner. De rystede de franske magthavere – men gav franske arbejdere ny selvtillid.
 

Annick Coupé: France: A quite extraordinary movement
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 23
Note: Annick Coupé, a leading member of the Solidaires group of radical trade unions, spoke to Jim Wolfreys from International Socialism.
(Includes Chronology of the anti-CPE movement + Glossary)
 

Marie Perrin: France: How we built the movement
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 30
Note: Marie Perrin is a member of the Jeunesses Communistes Révolutionnaires at Censier University, Paris
(Includes Chronology of the anti-CPE movement + Glossary)
 

Anindya Bhattacharyya: Bevægelsen i Frankrig gør klar til nye kampe
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 255, apr 06 – side 5
Note: De aktivister, der var involveret i massebevægelsen mod den omstridte CPE arbejdsmarkedslov, siger, at deres sejr kun er første skridt i en bredere kampagne mod nyliberalisme.
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør: Store strejker og demonstrationer ryster den franske regering
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 7
Note: Modstanden mod den franske regerings forslag til en ny beskæftigelseslov for de unge – kaldet CPE – er blevet meget større i de sidste ugers tid. Den har nu varet i mere end to måneder, og tager stadig til i styrke.
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør: Stemningen fra ‘68 er vendt tilbage til Frankrig
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 8
Note: Den franske ungdom er i oprør. Fra de fattige forstæder, til elite-universiteterne går de unge på gaden, besætter universiteter og lukker skoler i protest mod de nye ansættelseslove som vil fratage dem deres rettigheder på arbejdsmarkedet.
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør: Unge indvandrere som løntrykkere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 8
Note: Nutidens franske oprør startede, da loven “Første ansættelseskontrakt” (CPE) blev lanceret. CPE går ud på, at arbejdsgivere må fyre folk under 26 år uden varsel eller kompensation.
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør – Fra det besatte universitet: 'Sammen genskaber vi vores universitet'
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 9
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør: Politivold
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 9
Note: Gerard og Denis er togkonduktører fra den sydlige by Montpellier og deltog i demonstrationerne.
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør – Interview med Daniel Bensaïd: "Bevægelsen er direkte baseret på et socialt spørgsmål"
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 10
Note: Daniel Bensaïd er fremtrædende fransk marxist og medlem af Ligue Communiste Revolutionaire (LCR).
 

4-siders-tillæg: Frankrig i oprør: Udfordring for den franske venstrefløj
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 254, apr 06 – side 10
 

Jesper Høi Kanne: Studenteroprør i Frankrig: Fransk politi stormer Sorbonne universitetet i Paris
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 253, mar 06 – side 2
Note: En upopulær lov om „første ansættelse“ – Contrat Première Embauche (CPE) – er netop blevet gennemført i Frankrig. Loven sikrer arbejdsgivere ret til at fyre arbejdere under 26 år, uden grund, indenfor de første to år af deres ansættelse.
 

Jim Wolfreys: France in revolt: 1995-2005
International Socialism Journal nr. 109, dec 05 – side 3
Note: ‘In recent years,’ remarked the sociologist Emmanuel Todd in November 2005, ‘French political life has been nothing but a series of catastrophes. And each time the ruling class’s lack of legitimacy becomes more flagrant’.
 

Abdellali Hajjat: The politics of the banlieues: The riots did not take place in a 'political desert'
International Socialism Journal nr. 109, dec 05 – side 21
Note: The deaths on Thursday 28 October 2005 in Clichy-sous-Bois north east of Paris) of two French kids of immigrant workers, Zyad Benna and Bouna Traoré, set off riots in working class outer city areas (banlieues) that have been the most significant (both geographically and symbolically) in the history of France.
 

Stathis Kouvélakis: France: the triumph of the political
International Socialism Journal nr. 108, sep 05 – side 7
Note: The result of the French referendum on 29 May 2005 was immediately greeted in France, but also internationally, as a major political turning point rather than just another election result.
 

Jim Wolfreys: How France’s referendum caught fire
International Socialism Journal nr. 107, jun 05 – side 9
 

Antoine Boulangé: The hijab, racism and the state
International Socialism Journal nr. 102, mar 04 – side 3
Note: When right wing French prime minister Raffarin introduced a law banning the wearing of Muslim headscarves in schools, he fanned the flames of a debate with implications that stretch far beyond the borders of France. Most of the French left supported the ban on the basis of protecting 'secularity' and the values of the republic. Antoine Boulangé argues that they mistakenly put an abstract idea of equality above the civil rights of Muslims in an Islamophobic post-9/11 world.
 

Jan Hoby: Tørklædeforbud i Frankrig: Jaques Chiracs “marxistiske” politimænd
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 223, jan 04 – side 5
Note: Dele af den franske venstrefløj er forvirret over spørgsmålene sekularisme, kvinderettigheder, ytrings- og religionsfrihed.
 

Jakob L. Krogh: Tæt på fransk generalstrejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 217, aug 03 – side 5
Note: Den franske lærer og socialist Ross Harold fortæller om de største strejker i Frankrig siden maj 68.
 

Frank Antonsen: Fransk kulturoprør
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 217, aug 03 – side 9
Note: Franske kulturarbejdere har lammet store dele af fransk kulturliv gennem deres aktioner imod regeringens stramninger over for arbejdsløse.
 

Ida H. Jakobsen + Mikkel Birk Jespersen: Strejker lammer Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 5
Note: Arbejderkampe hærger Europa i øjeblikket. I flere europæiske lande gør nyliberale regeringers velfærdsslagteri så ondt at befolkningen siger stop. Her finder du et udpluk af de protester og strejker der bølger over Europa.
 

Jim Wolfreys: (News Review:) French elections: Second round win--on points
Socialist Review nr. 265, jul 02 – side 8
 

Jim Wolfreys: 'The centre cannot hold': fascism, the left and the crisis of French politics
International Socialism Journal nr. 95, jun 02 – side 41
Note: Le Pen's shock first round vote in the French presidential election was instantly met by spontaneous mass anti-fascist demonstrations on the streets of France. Jim Wolfreys looks at the history of Le Pen and the Front National, and argues that it was the collapse of the social democrat Jospin's vote, rather than a shift to the right in French politics, that was the crucial element in the election. He looks at the French left-now engaged in the most crucial debate for years-and urgues for left unity.
 

Chris Harman: Thinking it through: To vote or not to vote? (France)
Socialist Review nr. 264, jun 02 – side 13
Note: It was wrong to call for a vote for Chirac against Le Pen in the recent French elections, argues Chris Harman
 

Judith Orr: (News Review:) French Election: 'Halte au fascisme, halte au capitalisme!'
Socialist Review nr. 263, maj 02 – side 5
 

Jim Wolfreys: (News Review:) French elections: A watershed for the revolutionary left
Socialist Review nr. 262, apr 02 – side 6
Note: Whatever the result of the first round of this month's presidential election in France, the poll is certain to confirm the crisis of mainstream politics.
 

Gøril Eldøen: En direkte rapport fra Frankrig: Gigantisk retssag mod den globale kapital (Millau)
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 184, aug 00 – side 6
Note: Det vrimler med bannere, plakater, løbesedler og t-shirts med teksten „verden er ikke til salg, og det er jeg heller ikke”. Graffitien “kapitalisme med et menneskeligt ansigt findes ikke” står på en mur.
 

Gøril Eldøen: En direkte rapport fra Frankrig: Regeringen under dobbelt pres
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 183, jun 00 – side 6
Note: I Frankrig, såvel som i Skandinavien, er lederlønninger og aktier noget som sætter mange sind i kog.
 

Gøril Eldøen: En direkte rapport fra Frankrig: Ministre fyret efter strejker
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 182, maj 00 – side 8
Note: De første måneder af år 2000 har været hårde for Jospin og den franske regering.
 

Gøril Eldøen: En direkte rapport fra Frankrig: Total, betal for svineriet!
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 6
Note: For tusindvis af indbyggere på nordvest kysten af Frankrig gik juleferien med at prøve at rense kysten for olie efter at olietankeren "Erika" gik på grund d. 12 dec.
 

Jim Wolfreys: Class struggles in France
International Socialism Journal nr. 84, sep 99 – side 31
Note: Jim Wolfreys shows in impressive detail that the class struggles in France since the great public sector strikes of 1995 have transformed the political landscape, wounding the right and opening new opportunities for the left.
 

Paul McGarr: Fascists brought to book (Pete Fysh and Jim Wolfreys: "The Politics of Racism in France")
International Socialism Journal nr. 82, mar 99 – side 83
 

Frankrig: Hvad har man venner til?
Socialistisk Revy nr. 12, feb 99 – side 5
Note: Det er ikke kun på det yderste højre i fransk politik, at lederne har problemer. Landets konservative præsident, Jacques Chirac, er på ny kommet i søgelyset. Det sker i forbindelse med en række korruptionsskandaler, der har rystet Chiracs parti.
 

Frank Antonsen: Le Pen på tilbagetog
Socialistisk Revy nr. 5, jun 98 – side 6
Note: Le Pens Front National led et stort nederlag i maj, da partiet mistede sit eneste parlamentsmedlem ved et suppleringsvalg i Toulon. Dagen efter jublede antinazister i hele Frankrig, især i Sydfrankrig, hvor fronten har størst indflydelse. Ikke mindst i byen Vitrolles, som er berygtet for sit Front National-bystyre, vakte nederlaget jubel.
 

Cindy Lynn Brown: Læserbrev fra Frankrig: Kampe gør indtryk
Socialistisk Revy nr. 3, apr 98 – side 33
Note: Det er på mange måder et stort spring at komme fra et lidt sløvt dansk universitet og pludselig befinde sig i en noget mere ophedet politisk situation i Frankrig. Man kan ikke undgå at spærre øjnene op, når man ser en parole som "Arbejdsløse i millioner – profit i milliarder."
 

Frank Antonsen: Frankrig: Underfrankrig presser overklassen
Socialistisk Revy nr. 2, mar 98 – side 4
Note: Frankrigs 3,1 millioner arbejdsløse vil ikke længere finde sig i skiftende regeringers nedskæringspolitik. Derfor har de aktioneret siden lidt før nytår i mere og mere radikale aktioner. I februar spredte oprøret sig til Tyskland, hvor der er omkring 5 millioner arbejdsløse – det største tal siden 1933, det år, Hitler kom til magten.
 

Frankrig: Lille strejke til chaufførerne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 171, nov 97 – side 2
Note: De franske lastbilchauffører ophævede deres blokader, efter at de havde vundet deres kamp for en ordentlig løn.
 

Frankrig: Lastbilblokade ryster igen EUs herskere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 170, nov 97 – side 2
Note: De franske lastbilchauffører er gået i strejke igen.
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Parlamentsvalg i England og Frankrig: Chok for Europas magthavere
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 161, jun 97 – side 4
Note: De seneste parlamentsvalg i England og Frankrig har sendt chokbølger gennem det europæiske borgerskab.
 

Valget i Frankrig: Liberalisme er et fy-ord
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 160, jun 97 – side 3
Note: Bølgen af strejker og demonstrationer, som har drejet den politiske stemning i Frankrig til venstre, skal nu holde Jospin til sine løfter.
 

Strasbourg: Demonstration tvang Le Pen i skjul
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 156, apr 97 – side 3
Note: Racisterne kan bekæmpes gennem konfrontation og massive demonstrationer.
 

Frankrig: Stærk massebevægelse mod racisme
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 154, mar 97 – side 3
Note: 100.000 demonstrerede i Paris mod regeringens racistiske lov. Bevægelsen er stærk, fordi den også er vendt mod privatisering og arbejdsløshed.
 

Frankrig: Socialistiske ideer spirer i arbejderklassen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 152, feb 97 – side 3
Note: Den nazistiske Front National vandt endnu en borgmesterpost. Men samtidig vokser modstanden mod nazismen i arbejderklassen.
 

Chris Harman: France's hot December
International Socialism Journal nr. 70, mar 96 – side 47
Note: Strikes, demonstrations and protests shook French society late last year. Chris Harman looks at the origins of the revolt against French prime minister Juppé's plan, the role of rank and file activists and the politics of the official Communist and Socialist leaders of the movement. He examines the parallels with 1968 and the prospects for future struggles.
 

Chris Harman: Frankrig 1995: Den varme december (1996)
International Socialism Journal nr. 70, mar 96 
 

Jens Klüver: Den franske regering i knæ
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 126, jan 96 – side 6
Note: Strejkerne i Frankrig i december sendte chokbølger ind i den herskende klasse og viste arbejderklassens styrke, når den kæmper samlet.
 

Tom Christiansen: Frankrig: Protester ryster Chirac
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 124, nov 95 – side 3
Note: En bølge af strejker, protester og demonstrationer har fået den franske regering og arbejdsgiverne til at tale om frygten for et “nyt 1968”.
 

Tom Christiansen: Frankrig: Chirac udfordres
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 117, jul 95 – side 7
Note: Knap var de borgerlige færdige med at juble over en smal borgerlig sejr ved præsidentvalget, før end de nu presses af en strejkebølge fra vrede arbejdere.
 

Jens Klüver: Frankrig: Frygter social uro efter valget
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 116, jun 95 – side 7
Note: Sejrsrusen efter valget af Chirac var kort. Nu frygter de borgerlige en “tredje valgrunde”.
 

Frankrig: Strejker rykker valget til venstre
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 115, maj 95 – side 7
Note: De borgerliges triumf udeblev ved første runde af præsidentvalget. Baggrunden er ikke ny tro på socialistpartiet, men strejkebevægelsen mod de borgerlige.
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Frankrig: Balladur i knæ
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 113, mar 95 – side 7
Note: Demonstrationer og aktioner fra offentlig ansatte og studenter har tilføjet premierminister Balladur endnu et nederlag.
 

IS mener: Retten til at bære slør
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 109, nov 94 – side 3
Note: I Danmark er de arbejdsløse på vej til at blive syndebukke for regeringens fejlslagne politik. I Frankrig er det indvandrerne, der står for skud.
 

IS mener: Modstand der ryster magthaverne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 102, apr 94 – side 3
Note: Hvis der skulle gå nogle personer rundt og betvivle, at arbejderklassen kan forandre verden og at det ikke nytter at kæmpe, burde de være blevet overbeviste af de sidste ugers begivenheder i Frankrig og Sydafrika.
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Ungdomsoprøret i Frankrig: Sådan skal det gøres
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 102, apr 94 – side 16
Note: Den konservative franske regering er kommet på hælene efter det største ungdomsoprør siden oprøret i 1968.
 

Spanien
Se også: Spansk borgerkrig 1936-39; Krise og modstand - Spanien

John Molyneux: Catalonien og det nationale spørgsmål
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 363, feb 18 – side 8
Note: Venstrefløjen må forbinde sig med selvstændighedsbevægelser som den catalanske og lede dem i en radikal og revolutionær retning.
 

Andy Brown: Reassessing Podemos
International Socialism Journal nr. 150, apr 16 – side 97
Note: The emergence of new left wing political parties in Europe in response to the crisis and government austerity policies has been discussed already in the pages of this journal. Specifically we have looked at the nature of the Podemos project in the Spanish state and the question of how the left should relate to it. It is now useful to revisit the analysis in the light of events in 2015 in the Spanish state in order better to understand the viability of Podemos in its own terms and the relationship between it, the left and the working class.
 

Sam Robson + Manel Barriere + Andy Durgan: Analysis: The challenge of Podemos
International Socialism Journal nr. 145, jan 15 – side 19
Note: The emergence of so-called populist parties as a response to increasingly discredited political elites is a European-wide phenomenon. In most cases these parties have emerged on the right, if not the far-right. Not so in the Spanish state where Podemos, after barely ten months in existence, appears to be undermining the whole political set up in place since the end of the Franco dictatorship in the late 1970s.
 

Andy Durgan: The Spanish state: the Indignados enter the European parliament
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 10, jun 14 – side 62
Note: Despite what much of the media want us to believe, it has not just been the extreme right that have benefitted from disillusionment with established politics. Apart from the notable victory of Syriza in Greece, the election of five MPs from the anti capitalist Podemos (‘We can’) in the Spanish state has rocked the political establishment.
 

Andy Durgan: Catalonia: Towards Independence?
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 8, dec 13 – side 14
Note: On Catalan National Day 11 September 2012, a claimed one and half million people, around 20% of Catalonia’s population, demonstrated in Barcelona in favour of independence. Such annual demonstrations had barely mobilised a few thousand or so people for many years. For the first time since the late seventies, the Constitutional settlement of 1978 is on the verge of collapse.
 

Estelle Cooch + Rafel Sanchis: Strikes, independence and indignados
Socialist Review nr. 379, apr 13 – side 18
Note: Rafel Sanchis and Estelle Cooch spoke to David Fernández, an MP for the Catalan parliament, about the origins and politics of the anti-capitalist coalition, CUP, and its relationship to the wider movement.
 

Mike Gonzalez: The labyrinth of Spain's history
Socialist Worker nr. 2254, jun 11 – side 10
Note: The history of Spain is one of imperial conquest, repression and mass resistance to its rulers. Mike Gonzalez examines the struggles for change that have defined its existence.
 

Sarah Ensor + Sadie Robinson + Simon Basketter + Panos Garganas: Europe – the gathering economic storm
Socialist Worker nr. 2183, jan 10 – side 8
Note: We look at snapshots of Ireland, Greece, Iceland and Spain – as governments rush to slash welfare spending, attack workers’ rights and increase taxes for ordinary people.
 

Andy Durgan: Book Review: Barcelona at the barricades
International Socialism Journal nr. 125, jan 10 – side 210
Note: Lois Orr, Gerd-Rainer Horn (ed), Letters from Barcelona: An American Woman in Revolution and Civil War (Palgrave, Basingstoke, 2009), £45
 

Luke Stobart: Book review: Life and works of a Spanish rebel
International Socialism Journal nr. 123, jul 09 – side 209
Note: Michael Eaude, Triumph at Midnight of the Century: A Critical Biography of Arturo Barea (Sussex Academic Press, 2009), £45
The trilogy The Forging of a Rebel is one of the most powerful and shocking works on the background to the Spanish Civil War, yet as historian Paul Preston writes,1 its author, Arturo Barea (1897-1957), has remained a little known figure. Barcelona-based writer and socialist Michael Eaude redresses this anomaly, producing an essential guide to Barea’s literary work and life.
 

Luke Stobart: Culture Column: Cinema and the Spanish Civil War
Socialist Review nr. 337, jun 09 – side 34
Note: Luke Stobart is looking forward to the BFI Southbank film season on the Spanish Civil War.
 

Michael Eaude: Job massacre in Spain
Socialist Review nr. 336, maj 09 – side 5
Note: This January, as unemployment in Spain reached 3 million, the Minister of Labour, Celestino Corbacho announced, "The worst is over. We will not reach 4 million." The April figures place unemployment at 4,010,700 – 17.36 percent of the labour force and the highest figure in Spain's history. 766,000 jobs were destroyed in January, February and March.
 

Andy Durgan: Book review: The Revolution and the Civil War in Spain
Socialist Review nr. 329, okt 08 – side 24
Note: by Pierre Broué and Emile Témime, Haymarket, £30.
The Revolution and the Civil War in Spain remains one of the most cogent histories of events in Spain between 1936 and 1939.
 

Joe Lineham: Review: Tales from the land of the Basques
International Socialism Journal nr. 117, jan 08 – side 189
Note: Review: Paddy Woodworth, The Basque Country—A Cultural History (Signal Books, 2007), £12
 

Andy Durgan: Review: Catalonian conflicts
International Socialism Journal nr. 117, jan 08 – side 205
Note: Review: Angel Smith, Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction: Catalan Labour and the Crisis of the Spanish State, 1898-1923 (Berghahn, 2007), £42.68
 

Paddy Woodworth: Basque Country: Wounded by conflict
Socialist Worker nr. 2081, dec 07 – side 12
Note: Paddy Woodworth looks at the troubled history of the Basque Country as the battle between the Spanish state and ETA flares up once again
 

Manel Ros: Letter from ...: Spain
Socialist Review nr. 319, nov 07 – side 9
Note: As the Spanish state goes on the offensive against the Basque left and ETA, Manel Ros reports on developments since the ETA ceasefire ended in June.
 

Andy Durgan: Barcelona class war
International Socialism Journal nr. 106, mar 05 – side 163
Note: A review of Chris Ealham: "Class, Culture and Conflict in Barcelona 1898-1937" (Routledge, 2004), £70
 

Jørn Andersen: Efter bomberne i Madrid: Krig stopper ikke terror
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 226, mar 04 – side 1
Note: Den 11. marts eksploderede 10 bomber inden for et kvarter på 3 jernbanestationer i den spanske hovedstad Madrid. 200 blev dræbt og over 1400 såret.
 

Spanske chauffører viser deres styrke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 153, feb 97 – side 3
Note: Spanske lastbilchauffører viste deres enorme styrke, da deres blokade lukkede industri over hele landet i to uger.
 

Ole Mølholm Jensen: Europa i oprør: Spanien: ‘Nu må de stoppes’
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 100, feb 94 – side 6
Note: Stor opbakning til spansk generalstrejke mod den socialdemokratiske regerings planer om nedskæring af lønnen.
 

Andy Durgan: The rise and fall of Largo Caballero
International Socialism Journal nr. 18, dec 82 – side 87
 

Andy Durgan: Revolutionary Anarchism in Spain: the CNT 1911-37
International Socialism Journal nr. 11, dec 80 – side 93
Note: The origins of Spanish anarchism lie in the birth pangs of a locally weak capitalism and the waves of rural revolt which swept the peninsular in the second half of the nineteenth century. The complex reasons why anarchism should take root so firmly in Spain have been discussed elsewhere. Suffice to say that the peculiar social, economic and political situation in nineteenth century Spain did not bode well for normal trade union practices, particularly in the countryside. Anarchist ideas fitted many of the traditions of Spanish workers, e.g. federalism, and their influence spread partly because they became available in the key formative years of the workers’ movement.
 

Mary Reid + Doug Andrews: Spain: No short cut
Socialist Review nr. 4, jul 78 – side 5
Note: The situation in Euskadi (the Basque country) continues to be at the centre of the political arena.
 

Mary Andrews + Doug Andrews: Madrid letter
Socialist Review nr. 1, apr 78 – side 5
Note: Anyone who has much faith in Spain’s new ‘democracy’ should reflect on the case of the revolutionary magazine Saida.
 

Notes of the Month: Spain: Control by Any Other Name
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 99, jun 77 – side 7
Note: RECENT events have revealed the pitfalls in the path of the Suarez government’s programme of controlled “democratisation” in Spain.
 

Manuel Fernandez: Spain: The Gathering Storm
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 80, jul 75 – side 12
Note: THE LESSONS of the revolution in Portugal have not been lost on the Spanish ruling class; the fear that the same thing might happen to them has moved them to try and carry out a reform of their own political structures.
 

P. Catala: Survey: Spain
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 37, jun 69 – side 11
Note: In 1969, after 30 years of dictatorship, a State of Emergency was declared in Spain. This is a good time to analyse the present state of the fight against capitalism waged by the Spanish workers.
 

Portugal

Sigurd Sejer Skov + Anne A. Lange: Portugal 1974-75: Nellikerevolutionen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 343, feb 15 – side 13
Note: Den 25. april 1974 lød tonerne fra “Grandola Villa Morena” i radioen i Lissabon. Det var et signal til officerer fra De Væbnede Styrkers Bevægelse (MFA) om at starte et statskup.
 

Bob Light: Portugal: 1974-5
International Socialism Journal nr. 142, apr 14 
Note: Just after midnight on 25 April 1974 a Lisbon radio station played a song called Grandola Villa Morena and Portugal was changed forever. The song was the agreed signal for a coup by junior officers to bring down the authoritarian and geriatric government of Marcello Caetano but it was also the start of an intoxicating period of 18 months when Portugal would sashay to the very brink of a working class revolution.
 

Salena Williams: A Review of the Novels of Jose Saramago: Portugese Socialist Novelist (1922-2010)
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 7, sep 13 – side 61
Note: Saramago is arguably the greatest socialist novelist of the 20th and early 21st century.
 

Dave Sewell: Cuts create a crisis for rulers in Greece and Portugal
Socialist Worker nr. 2361, jul 13 – side 8
Note: European rulers continue to target the poor as they try to escape the eurozone crisis, writes Dave Sewell.
 

Catarina Príncipe: From mobilisation to resistance: Portugal’s struggle against austerity
International Socialism Journal nr. 138, apr 13 – side 79
Note: Portugal, as one of the countries in the European Union taken hostage by the Troika (the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission), has been subjected to increasingly harsh austerity policies that have led the country into a recession of historic proportions, the result being mass impoverishment.
 

Dave Sewell: Portugal says no to the cuts
Socialist Worker nr. 2343, mar 13 – side 20
Note: Up to 800,000 protesters took over the centre of Lisbon, Portugal, on Saturday of last week. More demonstrations across 20 other cities brought the total protesting to one and a half million—over a tenth of the population.
 

Portugal: Disillusion shapes election
Socialist Worker nr. 2255, jun 11 – side 6
Note: The Socialist Party in Portugal became the latest victim of the economic crisis when it was defeated in last Sunday’s general election. The right wing Social Democratic Party won 38.7 percent of the votes.
 

Gustavo Toshiaki: General strike rocks Portugal
Socialist Worker nr. 2192, mar 10 – side 3
Note: Hundreds of thousands of Portuguese workers took part in a general strike on Thursday of last week.
 

Nellikerevolutionen i Portugal 1974
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 228, apr 04 – side 5
Note: For 30 år siden blev et fascistisk diktatur fjernet fra magten på mindre end én dag.
 

Ågot Berger: Portugal 1974-75: Nellikerevolutionen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 104, jun 94 – side 10
Note: Revolutionen var en nødvendig og befriende løsning efter mange års undertrykkelse. Men der manglede et parti til at føre kampen videre
 

Jørgen Lund: Portugal 1974-75: Nellikerne der ikke sprang ud
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 15, dec 85 – side 6
Note: For 10 år siden blev de forhåbninger og forventninger, som den såkaldte »nellike-revolution« i Portugal rejste, knust.
 

Ian Birchall: Social democracy and the Portuguese ‘revolution’
International Socialism Journal nr. 6, sep 79 – side 71
Note: It is now four years since the hot revolutionary summer of 1975 in Portugal. The Portuguese experience (together with the Italian elections of 1976 and the ‘social contact’ in Britain) marked a crucial turning-point for the European revolutionary left, whose ‘crisis’ Chris Harman analysed in Number 4 of this journal.
 

Notes of the Month: Portugal: Government and Bosses Go on Offensive
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 101, sep 77 – side 7
Note: PORTUGAL remains unstable, and the instability is increasing. The Socialist Party government is continuing its policy of ‘pin-prick’-attacks on the working class in the factories and on the land. The more left-wing elements of the socialist party, opposed the official line of handling land and factories back to their ‘rightful’ capitalist owners, are being forced out of the party.
 

Peter Robinson + Tony Cliff: Portugal: The Last Three Months
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 87, apr 76 – side 10
Note: The events of the 25th November 1975 radically changed the situation in Portugal. Until then the revolutionary movement had been advancing powerfully: workers had taken over some 300 factories; there were massive occupations of latifundia; the army was racked by conflict between revolutionary soldiers and right wing officers; the government had so little control that it toyed openly with the idea of moving away from Lisbon to Oporto.
 

Tony Cliff: Portugal at the Crossroads
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 81-82, sep 75 
 

Red Saunders: Pictures from Portugal
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 80, jul 75 – side 17
 

Portugal: The Views of a PRP Leader
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 80, jul 75 – side 19
Note: Immediately after the IS national conference, fraternal delegates from various countries met to exchange views on the problems of building revolutionary parties. This is a shortened version of the contribution made by a leading member of the PRP (Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat) of Portugal.
 

Schweiz

Charles-Andre Udry: Letter from...: Switzerland
Socialist Review nr. 343, jan 10 – side 9
Note: A referendum has led to a constitutional ban on the construction of minarets on mosques. Charles-André Udry reports on the scapegoating of Muslims in the country.
 

Letters
Socialist Worker nr. 2181, dec 09 – side 7
Note: Victory over privateers inspires new NHS fight | Don’t let the Nazis divide us | Swiss minaret vote shames ‘left’ who backed it | Social work report offers nothing | People’s Charter | Beware Tory housing con | Commercial break | Return of Tartan Tories? | Nepal stunt insults poor | lean production
 

Chris Bambery: Switzerland's vote to ban minarets boosts European racists
Socialist Worker nr. 2180, dec 09 – side 4
Note: Across Europe, racists have cheered the result of last Sunday’s referendum in Switzerland, which saw a vote to impose a ban on the building of minarets on mosques.
 

Østrig

Tomáš Tengely-Evans: Østrig: Titusinder demonstrerer mod koalitionen af konservative og fascister
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 362, nov 17 
Note: Omkring 70.000 antifascister gik på gaden i Wien mod den østrigske konservative/nazistiske koalitionsregering i lørdags (13. januar).
 

Socialist Worker (UK): Højrefløjens fremgang ved valget i Østrig er en advarsel til antiracister
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 362, nov 17 – side 6
Note: Det østrigske parlamentsvalg 15. oktober betød en skarp højredrejning. Det er endnu en advarsel om faren fra højrefløjen som vokser på bitterheden i samfundet.
 

Sadie Robinson: Østrig: Anti-fascistisk bevægelse forhindrer valgsejr til nazisten Norbert Hofer
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 355, nov 16 
Note: Det lykkedes ikke nazisten Norbert Hofer at vinde omvalget til den østrigske præsidentpost.
 

Nazisten Norbert Hofer kunne vinde det østrigske præsidentvalg
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 355, nov 16 
Note: Mens Østrigs magthavere slutter fred med fascisterne forud for det kommende præsidentvalg, kan kun aktiv modstand på gaden presse dem tilbage.
 

Marilen Lorenz: Østrig: Protester mod racisme og fascistisk præsidentkandidat
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 355, nov 16 – side 5
Note: Den 4. december er der valg i Østrig. Der er risiko for, at det fascistiske Frihedspartiet løber af med sejren.
 

Robert Lange: Østrig: Universiteter besat
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 294, jan 10 – side 5
Note: Gennem de sidste måneder er en bølge af studenterprotestbevægelser skyllet over det centrale Europa, med centrum på universitet i Wien. Her har tusinder af studerende, ansatte, undervisere og lægfolk holdt universitet besat siden oktober. Blokaden har været støttet af fagforeninger, og bevægelsen har reelt været en folkeligt rodfæstet protest.
 

Katharina Litschauer: Austria: Students will fight on
Socialist Worker nr. 2182, dec 09 – side 4
Note: Students have been occupying the University of Vienna in Austria for more than three months.
 

Our universities of resistance: ‘We surrounded parliament’
Socialist Worker nr. 2181, dec 09 – side 8
Note: Katharina Litschauer, a student from the University of Vienna explains why the neoliberal EU Bologna Process have led to students across Austria occupying, and how the movement has now spread to other countries
 

Our universities of resistance: ‘Working groups involve thousands of students’
Socialist Worker nr. 2181, dec 09 – side 8
Note: Dietmar Meister goes through how the Austrian students have organised three months of occupations
 

Letters
Socialist Worker nr. 2179, nov 09 – side 7
Note: New revolts in Europe | Stand up to sexism | Understanding our movement is vital | Badiou’s events just generalise | Hit council in the wallet | Challenging factory farms | Drugs can stifle creativity | Victims of the system | Scapegoats for failure | Correction
 

Manfred Ecker: Letter from ...: Austria
Socialist Review nr. 330, nov 08 – side 9
Note: Manfred Ecker reports from Vienna on what is behind the growth of support for the Austrian far right parties.
 

Ida H. Jakobsen + Mikkel Birk Jespersen: Strejker lammer Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 216, jul 03 – side 5
Note: Arbejderkampe hærger Europa i øjeblikket. I flere europæiske lande gør nyliberale regeringers velfærdsslagteri så ondt at befolkningen siger stop. Her finder du et udpluk af de protester og strejker der bølger over Europa.
 

Frank Antonsen: Østrig: Haider i modvind
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 188, dec 00 – side 4
Note: Det har heldigvis ikke været et nemt år for Jörg Haiders Frihedsparti (FPÖ).
 

Oprethold sanktioner mod Østrig
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 184, aug 00 – side 12
Note: Der bliver fra flere sider presset på for at ophæve sanktionerne imod Østrig. Men det er vigtigt, at fascisterne bliver mødt med al den modstand, der overhovedet kan mobiliseres imod dem, uanset hvor pæne og parlamentariske de end måtte give sig ud for at være.
 

Jakob Hansen: Østrig: Kampen mod Haider fortsætter
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 182, maj 00 – side 4
Note: 1000 studerende ved Wiens Universitet stemte ved et stort massemøde for, at de skulle besætte universitetet som protest.
 

Mikkel Birk Jespersen: Polarisering i Østrig og Europa: Sådan bekæmpes højrefløjen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 6
Note: I Østrig har hundredetusinder af arbejdere og studerende demonstreret mod Frihedspartiets deltagelse i regeringen. Indtil videre med det resultat, at Jörg Haider er trådt tilbage som leder af Frihedpartiet.
 

Mikkel Birk Jespersen: Strejker og aktioner stopper højrefløjen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 6
Note: Fra Norge og Sverige over Danmark, Belgien og Østrig til Italien og Spanien, bliver flygtninge og indvandrere gjort til syndebukke for de sociale problemer, som folk oplever i deres dagligdag og som regeringerne ikke kan og vil gøre noget reelt ved.
 

Interview med biologen Steven Rose: Haider skal konfronteres
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 7
Note: Steven Rose, den internationalt anerkendte biolog, har skrevet flere bøger som angriber den sociobiologiske tankegang, som den ekstreme højrefløj bruger som argument for deres racisme. Rose har bl.a. skrevet bogen ‘Not in our Genes’ og ‘Lifelines’. Da han for nylig var i Oslo, blev han interviewet af Socialistisk Arbejderavis om Haider, racisme og videnskab.
 

Dan Rasmussen: 300.000 på gaden mod Haider i Østrig
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 181, mar 00 – side 12
Note: Hovedparten var arbejdere, der er utilfredse med Haiders deltagelse i regeringen. Der er mulighed for, at utilfredsheden kan slå ud i store strejker.
 

Anders Schou: Østrig: Pamperi baner vej for fascisterne
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 110, dec 94 – side 7
Note: Yuppie-fascisten Jörg Haider vandt valget i Østrig på racisme og protest mod politikernes mangeårige pamperi.
 

John Rees: Revolution, reform and working class culture (Helmut Gruber: "Red Vienna, experiment in working class culture 1919-34")
International Socialism Journal nr. 54, mar 92 – side 161
 

Italien
Se også: Venstrefløj Italien; Krise og modstand - Italien

Tony Phillips: Book Review: Revolution betrayed
International Socialism Journal nr. 146, apr 15 – side 209
Note: Claudio Pavone, A Civil War: A History of the Italian Resistance (Verso, 2014), £20
A Civil War is a detailed survey of the ideas and motivations of the partisans and their fascist enemies in Italy between 1943 and 1945.
 

Panos Garganas: Voters humiliated Italy’s ruling elite
Socialist Worker nr. 2343, mar 13 – side 6
Note: There is no doubt that the Italian election results represent a humiliation for the traditional political elite. The centre right under Silvio Berlusconi received 17 million votes in 2008. Now it is down to 10 million—a loss of 41 percent. And the centre left coalition of Pier Luigi Bersani also lost 3.5 million votes.
 

Siân Ruddick: Italian election will be vote on austerity
Socialist Worker nr. 2341, feb 13 – side 7
Note: Italy’s national election—set to take place this weekend—has become a referendum on austerity and tax. Five of the seven parties standing claim they will stop implementing austerity.
 

Italians reject Berlusconi cronies
Socialist Worker nr. 2254, jun 11 – side 3
Note: Voters in Italy have dealt a resounding blow to prime minister Silvio Berlusconi’s right wing government in local and mayoral elections.
 

Italy: Crisis deals a blow to Silvio Berlusconi
Socialist Worker nr. 2252, maj 11 – side 16
Note: Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi was flattened in local elections last Monday which he had previously called a referendum on his leadership.
 

Phil Rushton: Letter from ...: Letter from Italy
Socialist Review nr. 355, feb 11 – side 9
Note: With Silvio Berlusconi's government embroiled in fresh controversy, new struggles are taking off.
 

Matthew Cookson: Book review: Resisting revisionism
International Socialism Journal nr. 126, apr 10 – side 214
Note: Tom Behan, The Italian Resistance: Fascists, Guerrillas and the Allies (Pluto Press, 2009), £18.99
The Italian people played a central role in liberating themselves from fascist dominance and Nazi occupation in 1943-5. Hundreds of thousands of people, mainly from the working class and with women playing a central role, took up arms, aided the partisan fighters and resisted fascism. This legacy remains powerful in Italy today, where every town and city has streets and squares named in honour of the liberation. But it is a contested legacy. A revisionist discourse, on the left and the right, has appeared in recent decades arguing that those who fought on both sides, during what was in part a civil war, should be remembered and respected equally.
 

Chris Bambery: Riots in Italy after racist shootings
Socialist Worker nr. 2184, jan 10 – side 6
Note: “Racial cleansing” returned to western Europe last weekend.
The Italian state, the country’s ruling right wing government and the forces of organised crime all united to forcibly remove 1,300 migrant workers from the southern Italian town of Rosarno.
 

Phil Rushton: Looking for a fightback in Italy
Socialist Review nr. 337, jun 09 – side 4
Note: The impact of the economic crisis is heightening tensions in Italy and sharpening the need to reconstruct a political opposition to Silvio Berlusconi.
 

Megan Trudell: Italy one year on
International Socialism Journal nr. 122, apr 09 – side 27
Note: The year since Silvio Berlusconi’s election victory over the Democratic Party (PD) in Italy has been one in which the right wing agenda of the ruling coalition has been made brutally clear. In the midst of severe economic crisis—officially Italy’s fourth recession in a decade—Berlusconi’s government has launched a series of assaults on workers, immigrants and students, has allowed the Vatican to dictate policy1 and has abandoned parliamentary democracy by pushing through a series of “emergency” decrees.
 

Tom Behan: Film Review: Il Divo (Dir.: Paolo Sorrentino)
Socialist Review nr. 334, mar 09 – side 31
Note: This is an Italian film about an Italian politician, Giulio Andreotti, and as such risks travelling badly – which would be a shame.
 

General strike in Italy
Socialist Worker nr. 2139, feb 09 – side 5
Note: Millions of workers in Italy last week joined a general strike against attempts by the government and the bosses to make them pay for the economic crisis.
 

Tom Behan: Ennio Odino interview: Anti-fascist fighter and concentration camp survivor
Socialist Worker nr. 2139, feb 09 – side 6
Note: Italian former partisan Ennio Odino spoke to Tom Behan about his lifelong struggle against fascism
 

Tom Behan: Italian general strike rocks right
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 4
Note: A general strike by millions of workers in the CGIL union federation against Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi’s right wing government on Friday of last week was a big success.
 

Pietro Taviani: Italian protests spread (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2129, nov 08 
Note: The huge wave of protests by students, teachers, lecturers and school students continues to send shock waves across Italy. The demonstrations are against the Berlusconi government’s assault on secondary and higher education.
 

Editorial: Genoa trials are a brutal injustice
Socialist Worker nr. 2128, nov 08 – side 12
Note: Sixteen top police officers responsible for a vicious raid and the illegal detention and torture of scores of anti-G8 campaigners in Genoa eight years ago walked free from an Italian court last week.
 

Education protests grow across Italy
Socialist Worker nr. 2127, nov 08 – side 5
Note: A growing wave of protests and occupations continues to sweep Italy in opposition to the government’s programme of savage education cuts.
 

Europe’s growing wave of resistance to the crisis
Socialist Worker nr. 2126, nov 08 – side 2
Note: Across Europe there is a growing rebellion against attempts to make ordinary people pay for the economic crisis. Socialist Worker reports on the protests that have swept Greece, Italy and Germany in the past week
 

Donal Mac Fhearraigh + Paul Michael Garrett + Chris Bambery + Leandros Bolaris: A storm of protest is sweeping Europe
Socialist Worker nr. 2125, nov 08 – side 3
Note: Socialist Worker reports on how anger at the economic turmoil has filled the streets.
Suddenly Europe is aflame. There are mass demonstrations of workers on the streets, students in revolt in the colleges and schools, and pensioners are joining a movement to defend the welfare state they created.
In Italy, Greece and Ireland signs that working people are refusing to pay for the economic crisis and are fighting back are starting to show.
 

Chris Bambery: Mass strikes and protests across Italy (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2125, nov 08 
Note: Up to a million students, teachers, lecturers, school students and their supporters demonstrated through Rome on Thursday 30 October, as parliament approved laws introduced by Silvio Berlusconi’s government to slash education funding and to axe thousands of teaching posts. Over 90 percent of the country’s schools were shut.
 

John Sinha: Attacks on Roma echo a warning from history
Socialist Worker nr. 2116, aug 08 – side 8
Note: The image of a Roma Gypsy camp being burnt to the ground by a mob in Naples, Italy, in May shocked the world. It was just one incident in a rising tide of anti-immigrant and anti-Roma racism that has swept Italy following the re-election of Silvio Berlusconi's right wing government.
 

Stefano Gioffré: Anti-fascism revives in Italy (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2106, jun 08 
Note: Fascist violence has spread since the election of Italy’s new right wing government in April. However this has led to an impressive response from anti-fascists.
 

Phil Rushton: Italy: Class struggle may be the shape of things to come
Socialist Worker nr. 2103, maj 08 – side 6
Note: The Mayor of Chiaiano called it “civil war”. On the northern outskirts of Naples in southern Italy – the population of a town which, ironically, turned out a big vote for the right wing in recent elections – is going toe-to-toe with the new government’s hard-line “security” legislation.
 

Chris Bambery: Fascists attack students in Rome after university occupation (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2103, maj 08 
Note: On Monday students at Rome's La Sapienza university occupied, and stopped Roberto Fiore, leader of the hard line fascist Forza Nuova from addressing a conference. On Tuesday Forza Nuova thugs set a trap at the university and attacked members of the left wing Sinistra Critica, which had played a leading role in the occupation, with knives and iron bars.
 

Chris Bambery: Italy’s right launches tidal wave of racism
Socialist Worker nr. 2102, maj 08 – side 4
Note: A Roma camp in Naples is burnt to the ground as crowds cheer the attackers. Meanwhile police round up hundreds of illegal immigrants, deporting many of them immediately. These two incidents happened within days of Silvio Berlusconi taking office after last month’s general election in Italy.
 

Louis Bayman: Book review: Defiance
Socialist Review nr. 324, apr 08 – side 28
Note: Tom Behan, IB Tauris, £15.99
Few phenomena of Italian society fascinate like the Mafia, with its violent energy and romantic attachment to ancient ritual. But the defiance which gives this book its name is not the Mafia's, a deeply conservative organisation, but that of Peppino Impastato, who paid for his anti-Mafia activism with his life.
 

Tom Behan: Book review: Roberto Saviano: Gomorrah—Italy’s Other Mafia: Insider view of the mafia that shows up the system
Socialist Worker nr. 2093, mar 08 – side 11
Note: Gomorrah has become an international publishing sensation. In Italy it has sold a million copies and it has been translated into 33 other languages. A theatrical version of the book has already been performed, and a major film is currently under production.
 

Chris Bambery: Book review: Donald Sassoon: Mussolini and the Rise of Fascism
Socialist Review nr. 323, mar 08 – side 26
Note: This is a useful and concise explanation of how Mussolini came to power in October 1922. This was not by marching on Rome. Rather Mussolini arrived by sleeper train and was driven to the palace to be sworn in as premier by the king.
 

Tom Behan: Obituary: Giovanni Pesce: leading Italian partisan, who kept fighting for freedom
Socialist Worker nr. 2063, aug 07 – side 6
Note: Tom Behan looks at the life of an Italian revolutionary fighter
 

Tom Behan: The legacy of Giuseppe Garibaldi – the 19th century's Che Guevara
Socialist Worker nr. 2062, aug 07 – side 13
Note: The Italian national hero Giuseppe Garibaldi, the ‘Che Guevara of the 19th century’, was born 200 years ago. He played a crucial role in the unification of Italy, writes Tom Behan.
 

Danilo Corradi + Brune Seban + Barbara de Vivo: Italy: an uncertain victory
International Socialism Journal nr. 111, jun 06 – side 35
Note: Danilo Corradi, Brune Seban and Barbara de Vivo are members of Sinistra Critica, an anticapitalist platform within Rifondazione Comunista. They spoke to International Socialism about Italy’s election and the new centre-left government.
 

Guido Picelli: The revolt in Parma
International Socialism Journal nr. 99, jun 03 – side 115
Note: Italy, 1922, was a country on a knife-edge. We reprint an article first published in 1932 recounting how the people of Parma turned their streets into barricades, successfully fighting off Mussolini's 'punitive raids' and sending the fascists running with their tails between their legs.
 

Jan Hoby: Ny bog: Mussolini: Glemt modstand
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 211, feb 03 – side 8
Note: Modstanden mod Mussolini – et ufortalt kapitel.
Tom Behan: “The Resistable Rise of Benito Mussolini”
 

SWP: Genoa – la lotta continua (Genoa – the fight goes on) – a Socialist Worker pamphlet (NB: PDF-format, 2 MB)
Note: Contents:
Chris Bambery (July 2001): Introduction – 3
Pete Goodwin (Soc. Review, Oct 1982): September 1920 – 4
Sam Ashman (Soc. Review, Jan 1991): Gramsci’s real legacy – 5
Chris Bambery (July 2001): Mussolini and Italian Fascism – 9
From the long hot autumn of 1969 to historic compromise – 11
Chris Harman: The long hot autumn – 15
Tom Behan (July 2001): The strategy of tension – 25
Tim Potter (Soc. Review, Feb 1983): The end of terror – 27
Lindsey German (Soc. Review, May 1990): The state – 29
Chris Bambery (July 2001): Who is Silvio Berlusconi? – 30
John Foot (June 2001): A plague on the House of Liberty – 31
Socialist Worker (28 July 2001): Workers, students and greens together – 31
Socialist Worker (4 Aug 2001): Italy after Genoa – 35
First published 2001
 

Tom Behan: 'Nothing can be the same again' (after Genoa)
International Socialism Journal nr. 92, sep 01 – side 3
Note: Genoa was the greatest battle of the anti-capitalist movement since its beginning in Seattle in 1999. Tom Behan has long studied Italian politics and brings his expertise to bear in a record of the events in July. He goes on to look at the crisis of the Italian political system that has resulted.
 

John Foot: After Genoa: The summit of shame
Socialist Review nr. 255, sep 01 – side 16
Note: John Foot reports from Italy on the emerging evidence of police brutality in Genoa and how this is creating a crisis for the Italian government
 

Stuart Hood: Memoirs of the Italian Resistance
International Socialism Journal nr. 89, dec 00 – side 81
Note: Stuart Hood fought with the Italian partisans for the liberation of Italy during the Second World War. Here he recalls a seminal moment in the history of the European left.
 

Tom Christiansen: Italien: Berlusconi til tælling
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 111, jan 95 – side 6
Note: Det var arbejderklassens modstand mod nedskæringspolitikken, der bragte Berlusconis italienske regering til fald.
 

Anders Schou: Italien: Millioner mod Berlusconi
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 110, dec 94 – side 6
Note: Berlusconi har svigtet løfterne om forandring. Men det er uvist, om arbejderbevægelsen eller fascisterne vil opsamle utilfredsheden.
 

Anders Schou: Italien: Regeringskrise og generalstrejke
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 109, nov 94 – side 6
Note: Mange arbejdere, der stemte på Berlusconi, var med i generalstrejken mod regeringens nedskæringsplaner.
 

Anders Schou: Italien: Berlusconis politiske selvmord
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 106, aug 94 – side 6
Note: Tronen vakler under Berlusconi. Fascister lurer i kulissen, men strejker og demonstrationer giver håb om en anden vej.
 

Dave Beecham: Ignazio Silone and 'Fontamara'
International Socialism Journal nr. 63, jun 94 – side 155
Note: Dave Beecham reviews the life and work of the socialist author Ignazio Silone, whose great work Fontamara has just been republished.
 

Anders Schou: Italien: Skrøbelig højresejr
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 102, apr 94 – side 6
Note: Højrefløjens sejr ved det italienske valg var i højere grad et udtryk for venstrefløjens svaghed end Silvio Berlusconis styrke.
 

Europa i oprør: Italien: Partier i panik
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 100, feb 94 – side 6
Note: Tusindvis af arbejdere fra de store italienske bilfabrikker Fiat og Alfa Romeo gik sidst i januar i omfattende aktioner mod Fiat-ledelsens planer om at bortskære 20.000 jobs.
 

Ågot Berger: Fascismen i Italien sidste gang
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 99, jan 94 – side 11
Note: Facismen i Italien er igen på fremmarch. Men vi har nogle erfaringer på hvordan den skal bekæmpes.
 

Anne Kaltoft: Råd og magt: Antonio Gramsci og fabriksbesættelserne i Torino i 1920
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 28, apr 87 – side 10
Note: Mange socialister mener, at den eneste politiske magt ligger i folketinget. Men historien viser talrige eksempler på, at arbejdere spontant har organiseret sig i råd som alternativ til det eksisterende magtapparat.
 

Paulo Petta: UFOs and Star Wars: the theory and practice of the Red Brigades
International Socialism Journal nr. 3, dec 78 – side 83
 

Bob Lumley: Notes of the Month: The Italian General Election
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 89, jun 76 – side 6
Note: The June general elections in Italy were forced on the Moro government and the politicians, none of whom wanted to take the country to the polls a year before they were due.
 

Andrew Sayers: The Failure of the Italian Socialist Movement
International Socialism Journal (1st series) nr. 37, jun 69 – side 15
Note: In some ways Italy in 1914 resembled Russia. Although it was largely a peasant country, elements of a highly developed capitalism were concentrated in the North in the triangle Turin-Milan-Genoa.
 

Grækenland
Se også: Venstrefløj Grækenland; Krise og modstand - Grækenland; Grækenland: Valg 2015 og SYRIZA-regering

Sigurd Sejer Skov + Marie Jæger: Rapport fra den internationale antiracistiske konference i Athen
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 349, nov 15 – side 14
Note: KEERFA (bevægelsen mod racisme og den fascistiske trussel i Grækenland) holdt i oktober en international konference for antiracister og antifascister.
 

Nikos Loudos: The Resistible Rise of Golden Dawn
Irish Marxist Review (Irland) nr. 9, mar 14 – side 17
Note: The meteoric electoral ascension of the Nazi party Golden Dawn in Greece sent shockwaves all over Europe. Up from the marginal 0.29% it polled in the elections of 2009, Golden Dawn gathered just under 7% in the national elections of May and June 2012 sending 18 Nazi MPs to the Greek parliament.
 

Thanasis Kampagiannis: Feedback: Greece, politics and Marxist strategy
International Socialism Journal nr. 138, apr 13 – side 173
Note: In International Socialism 136, Richard Seymour and Panos Garganas gave two different assessments of the political strategy the left should adopt in Greece. It is an important debate for revolutionaries in Greece and elsewhere.
 

Advarsler og håb fra Grækenland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 327, mar 13 – side 7
Note: Grækenland er lige nu stedet, hvor EU’s nedskæringspolitik er mest ekstrem. Det er stedet, hvor arbejderklassens modstand er mest udviklet.
 

Migrants protest in Greece after death of street vendor
Socialist Worker nr. 2340, feb 13 – side 5
Note: Anti-racists joined Senegalese migrants to demonstrate outside Athens town hall on Thursday of last week, over the killing of a Senegalese street vendor.
 

Jørn Andersen: Valg i Europa
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 320, jun 12 – side 6
Note: Det græske valg har rystet magthaverne i Europa. Sarkozy er væk og Merkel er svækket. Det er de vigtigste resultater af maj måneds valg i Europa. Men valgene stiller lige så mange spørgsmål som de giver svar.
 

Greek workers keep up the fight with eighth general strike
Socialist Worker nr. 2241, mar 11 – side 6
Note: The eighth general strike against harsh austerity measures in less than 12 months hit Greece on Wednesday. It was as successful as the other strikes that have rocked the Pasok Labour-like government, despite the worsening of the economic situation and the length of time the struggle has been ongoing.
 

John Newsinger: British intervention and the Greek Revolution
Note: Even before the final surrender of Nazi Germany, British troops were engaged in a bloody attempt at suppressing the resistance movement in Greece, the Communist-led National Liberation Front.
 

Greek socialists take on a fascist in the council chamber
Socialist Worker nr. 2236, jan 11 
Note: Socialists in Greece are leading the fight against the government’s austerity programme and attempts to blame immigrants for the crisis. As part of this racist scapegoating, fascists had taken over parts of the Agios Panteleimonos area of Athens and attacked immigrants.
 

Panos Garganas + Sarah Ensor + Sadie Robinson + Simon Basketter: Europe – the gathering economic storm
Socialist Worker nr. 2183, jan 10 – side 8
Note: We look at snapshots of Ireland, Greece, Iceland and Spain – as governments rush to slash welfare spending, attack workers’ rights and increase taxes for ordinary people.
 

Matthew Cookson: Greece’s crisis is a warning to the world
Socialist Worker nr. 2182, dec 09 – side 4
Note: As the Greek economy lies in tatters, the government is planning savage cuts
 

Dora Teloni: Brutal police raid on refugees in Greece
Socialist Worker nr. 2161, jul 09 – side 4
Note: Dora Teloni spoke to Socialist Worker about how the Greek authorities’ destruction of a refugee camp is part of Europe’s war on the vulnerable
 

Nikos Loudos: Greek left’s obstacles and opportunities
Socialist Worker nr. 2160, jul 09 – side 6
Note: The effects of the December revolt that rocked the government are still being felt.
 

Panos Garganas: Interview: Greece after the explosion
International Socialism Journal nr. 122, apr 09 – side 15
Note: Panos Garganas, editor of the Greek newspaper Workers Solidarity, spoke to International Socialism about the latest developments in a country that has witnessed the emergence of powerful movements from below.
 

Greek protests continue to pressurise government
Socialist Worker nr. 2137, feb 09 – side 5
Note: Farmers’ protests in Greece have increased the pressure on the country’s right wing government, which had already been rocked by riots, strikes and protests in December.
 

Panos Garganas: „Vi er stadig på gaden i Grækenland“
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 285, jan 09 – side 10
Note: Panos Garganas er redaktør af Arbejdersolidaritet, Socialistisk Arbejderavis’s søsteravis i Grækenland. Han fortæller fra de seneste aktiviteter.
 

Giorgos Pittas: Brev fra Grækenland
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 285, jan 09 – side 10
Note: Vreden over regeringens nyliberale politik og politibrutalitet har sat gang i Grækenland, fortæller Giorgis Pittas.
 

Greek protests shake government
Socialist Worker nr. 2134, jan 09 – side 5
Note: The movement against Greece’s right wing government returned to the streets last week.
Huge protests, walkouts and strikes spread across the country following the police killing of Alexandros Grigoropoulos, a 15 year old boy, in Athens in December.
The anger over this and issues such as the economic crisis has not gone away.
 

Matthew Cookson: ‘We are still on the streets in Greece’
Socialist Worker nr. 2133, jan 09 – side 6
Note: Protests and strikes are leading to a growing radicalisation and increasing the pressure on the Greek government.
 

Panos Garganas: Feedback: The radical left: a richer mix
International Socialism Journal nr. 121, jan 09 – side 153
Note: Alex Callinicos takes the debate on the future of the radical left several steps forward with his article in the previous issue of International Socialism. This is very important. It is crucial to restate the need and the possibility of building a radical left that avoids the twin dangers of sectarianism and opportunism today. The difficulties arise as we try to deal with the problems that have cropped up after the crises in Rifondazione Comunista in Italy and Respect in Britain. Is it possible to deal with the tensions between right and left within such projects in an effective way? And how? No ready made recipe exists and therefore we need to address these questions urgently and clearly.
 

Giorgos Pittas: Letter from ...: Greece
Socialist Review nr. 332, jan 09 – side 9
Note: Anger at the government's neoliberal policies and police brutality has electrified Greece, reports Giorgos Pittas.
Millions of workers took part in the 10 December general strike. The whole country was paralysed as people demonstrated in Athens and other cities against the right wing New Democracy government, shouting, "Down with the murderers."
 

Mike Davis: In my opinion: The betrayed generation
Socialist Review nr. 332, jan 09 – side 13
Note: Our societies are supersaturated with unrecognised anger that can suddenly crystallise around a single incident of police abuse or state repression. Yet although the seeds of revolt have been so flagrantly sown bourgeois society seldom recognises its own harvest.
 

Panos Garganas: Greece: the struggle continues
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 1
Note: The anger that exploded in Greece following the police killing of 15 year old Alexandros Grigoropoulos is still raging.
Workers’ strikes, student occupations, walkouts by school students, mass demonstrations and clashes with the police are intensifying the pressure on the right wing New Democracy government.
 

Maria Styllou: Greece in revolt
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 8
Note: Revolutionary socialist Maria Styllou analyses the background to the mass rebellion, strikes and riots spreading through Greece following the police killing of a school student.
 

Yiannis Theoharis + Evdokia Moustaka: Voices from the Greek struggle
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 9
Note: Yiannis Theoharis is a member of the steering committee of the union of workers of the Intracom telecoms company in Athens. Evdokia Moustaka is a law student at the university of Athens.
 

Matthew Cookson: 1973: the student uprising that drove out the colonels in Greece
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 – side 9
Note: One of the high points of resistance in Greece is the Athens Polytechnic uprising of 1973, which helped to sweep away the right wing dictatorship that ruled the country.
 

Greece's hot winter of protest continues (online only)
Socialist Worker nr. 2132, dec 08 
Note: Mass protests and strikes are continuing in Greece, two weeks after the police killing of 15 year old Alexandros Grigoropoulos. The mass movement that has taken to the streets has intensified the pressure on the right wing New Democracy government. Alexandros’s killing has become a focus for all the general discontent in society.
 

Greek mass movement rises up against the state
Socialist Worker nr. 2131, dec 08 – side 16
Note: Panos Garganas spoke to Socialist Worker about the demonstrations shaking Greece
 

International protests
Socialist Worker nr. 2127, nov 08 – side 5
Note: Ireland, Greece
 

Europe’s growing wave of resistance to the crisis
Socialist Worker nr. 2126, nov 08 – side 2
Note: Across Europe there is a growing rebellion against attempts to make ordinary people pay for the economic crisis. Socialist Worker reports on the protests that have swept Greece, Italy and Germany in the past week
 

Paul Michael Garrett + Chris Bambery + Donal Mac Fhearraigh + Leandros Bolaris: A storm of protest is sweeping Europe
Socialist Worker nr. 2125, nov 08 – side 3
Note: Socialist Worker reports on how anger at the economic turmoil has filled the streets.
Suddenly Europe is aflame. There are mass demonstrations of workers on the streets, students in revolt in the colleges and schools, and pensioners are joining a movement to defend the welfare state they created.
In Italy, Greece and Ireland signs that working people are refusing to pay for the economic crisis and are fighting back are starting to show.
 

Chris Jones: Fort Europa på Samos: En græsk tragedie
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 280, jul 08 – side 8
Note: Da den britiske akademiker, Chris Jones, anerkendt for sine skrifter om radikalt socialt arbejde, flyttede til den lille græske ø Samos, opdagede han at han befandt sig ved en frontlinie. Han fortæller her om forholdene for desperate flygtninge, der sætter deres liv på spil for at flygte til Europa, og lokalsamfundets reaktioner.
 

Panos Garganas: Analysis: Interview: Greece—a very different picture
International Socialism Journal nr. 119, jul 08 – side 11
Note: Panos Garganas, editor of the Greek newspaper Workers Solidarity, spoke to International Socialism about the country’s strike wave
 

Chris Jones: Fortress Europe on Samos island: a Greek tragedy
Socialist Review nr. 326, jun 08 – side 22
Note: When British academic Chris Jones, acclaimed for his writing on radical social work, went to live on a small Greek island he discovered that he was living on a frontline. He reports on the plight of desperate refugees who risk their lives to escape to Europe, and the reaction of the community.
 

Katerina Thoidou: General strike victory in Greece
Socialist Worker nr. 2082, dec 07 – side 3
Note: The employment minister responsible for implementing controversial pension reforms in Greece, Vassilis Magginas, resigned last Saturday following a general strike that brought the country to a standstill.
 

Greek election sees drop in support for ruling party
Socialist Worker nr. 2069, sep 07 – side 5
Note: The general election in Greece last weekend saw the ruling right wing New Democracy party retain power with a reduced majority. The election also saw a swing to the left away from New Democracy and the New Labour-like Pasok party.
 

Greece: Greek fires threaten to engulf Tories
Socialist Worker nr. 2066, sep 07 – side 4
Note: The Greek Tory government has been increasingly blamed for what many see as an avoidable tragedy as forest fires continued to rage, killing at least 63 people.
 

Nikos Loudos: Analysis: Greece: waves from the student struggle
International Socialism Journal nr. 115, jul 07 – side 9
Note: The right wing government in Greece is likely to call an early general election this autumn following a year of resistance by workers and students. A wave of student struggle began in May 2006 and continued through to April 2007, forming the focus for a wider workers’ movement which has blunted the government’s neoliberal offensive.
 

Panos Garganas: Greece’s student movement
International Socialism Journal nr. 112, sep 06 – side 43
Note: Greek students followed in the footsteps of those in France and Chile to force a neoliberal government to back down.
 

Panos Garganas: Greece: A hot autumn lies ahead
Socialist Worker nr. 2007, jul 06 – side 4
Note: The struggle against the right wing Greek government’s privatisation plan for education is continuing
 

Greek phone tap scandal erupts
Socialist Worker nr. 1987, feb 06 
Note: A huge scandal associated with the “war on terror” is rocking Greece’s Tory government following revelations that about 100 mobile phones, including the prime minister’s, were tapped.
 

Rasmus Keis: Europas studenter har fået nok. Græske studenter i kamp
Socialistisk Revy nr. 12, feb 99 – side 16
Note: Igen og igen går studenterne på gaden rundt omkring i Europa. Rasmus Keis fortæller her om baggrunden for massedemonstrationerne og viser, at danske studerende bliver ramt af de samme nedskæringer og forringelser.
Grækenland har netop oplevet de største studenterdemonstrationer i 10 år, og det har rystet den socialdemokratiske regering.
 

Socialist Worker (UK): Grækenland: Generalstrejke mod socialdemokratisk regering
Socialistisk Revy nr. 4, maj 98 – side 6
Note: Grækenland blev rystet af en generalstrejke skærtorsdag vendt mod den socialdemokratiske regerings "moderniseringer". Under generalstrejken stoppede arbejdere bus-, tog- og færgelinier som et led i deres kamp for bedre løn og indførelsen af 35 timers arbejdsuge.
 

Grækenland: Statsansatte strejker
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 172, dec 97 – side 2
Note: Den græske fagforening for statsansatte gennemførte tirsdag 24/11 en 24-timers landsdækkende strejke.
 

Julie Waterson + Ian Taylor: The political crisis in Greece – An interview with Maria Styllou and Panos Garganos
International Socialism Journal nr. 52, sep 91 – side 83
 

Alex Callinicos: The foundations of the Athenian democracy (Ellen Meiksins Wood: "Peasant-Citizen and Slave: The Foundations of the Athenian Democracy")
International Socialism Journal nr. 40, sep 88 – side 119
 

Gerner Kristensen: Strejker i Grækenland: PASOK i knibe
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 28, apr 87 – side 12
Note: Den græske PASOK-arbejderregering har gjort det igen! Som et velkendt svar på en vaklende økonomi har statsminister Andreas Papandreou bekendtgjort, at nedskæringstogtet fortsætter.
 

Martin Arnoldsen: Arbejderflertal på græsk
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 16, jan 86 – side 8
Note: Forventningerne i Grækenland var kolossale, da det for første gang i Grækenlands historie lykkedes et socialistisk parti, PASOK, at vinde flertallet i parlamentet ved valget i 1981.
 

Cypern

Bo Nielsen: Så kom turen til Cypern
Socialistisk Arbejderavis nr. 328, apr 13 – side 10
Note: Overalt i Europa tvinges almindelige mennesker til at betale for en krise, de ikke selv er skyld i eller herre over, så længe den økonomiske politik ligger i hænderne på politikere og teknokrater. Nu er turen kommet til Cypern.
 

Mark Thomas: Small island, big crisis
Socialist Review nr. 379, apr 13 – side 4
Note: At the time of writing it is still unclear whether Cyprus’s banks will finally re-open. What has taken place on this small island state seems part of a by now familiar pattern of financial speculation, real estate boom and resulting collapse of a banking sector – one that had ballooned to around eight times the size of the economy it was attached to.
 

Phaedon Vassiliades: Republic of Cyprus: a Historic Victory for the Left (online only)
International Socialism Journal nr. 118, apr 08 
Note: The crucial presidential runoff in (Southern) Cyprus on Sunday 24 February 2008 brought to office Dimitris Christofias the Communist Party leader who clinched 53 percent of the vote in an unprecedented victory for the island’s Communist AKEL party, beating the conservative Yiannis Kasoulides, who polled 46 percent of the vote.
 

Phaedon Vassiliades: Cyprus: Beyond the Boundary
Socialist Review nr. 290, nov 04 – side 28
Note: Why did Greek Cypriots reject the UN plan to reunite the island? Phaedon Vassiliades of Workers' Democracy looks beyond the accusation of nationalism.
 

Chris Stephenson: Chauvinist cancer ("The Cyprus problem and the Internationalist Tasks of Greek Cypriot Revolutionaries")
Socialist Review nr. 117, feb 89 – side 28
 

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